ArticleSpringerPlus2015
Simultaneous quantification of salivary 3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate, and 2-hydroxybutyrate as possible markers of amino acid and fatty acid catabolic pathways by LC-ESI-MS/MS.
Article in SpringerPlus, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Serial correlation between saliva and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate levels in children commencing the ketogenic diet for epilepsy.Epilepsia · 2025Article
- Metabolomic profiling of serum alterations and biomarker discovery in feline hepatic liposis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Urinary Metabolomics of Plastic Manufacturing Workers: A Pilot Study.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Piezoelectric poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) microspheres for collagen regeneration and skin rejuvenation.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a multiplexed LC-MS/MS ketone body assay for clinical diagnostics.Journal of mass spectrometry and advances in the clinical lab · 2024Article
- Human Serum and Salivary Metabolomes: Diversity and Closeness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Atlas of exercise metabolism reveals time-dependent signatures of metabolic homeostasis.Cell metabolism · 2022Article
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- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency contributes to metabolic abnormality and pulmonary hypertension.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2021Article
- Serum Metabolomic Profiling to Reveal Potential Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Fatty Liver Hemorrhagic Syndrome in Laying Hens.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Article
- Effect of valine on myotube insulin sensitivity and metabolism with and without insulin resistance.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2020Article
- Comparison of the amino acid profile between the nontumor and tumor regions in patients with lung cancer.American journal of cancer research · 2020Article
- Human-specific dual regulations of FXR-activation for reduction of fatty liver usingJournal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2019Article
- Diverse metabolic reactions activated during 58-hr fasting are revealed by non-targeted metabolomic analysis of human blood.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Serum Amino Acid Profiling in Citrin-Deficient Children Exhibiting Normal Liver Function During the Apparently Healthy Period.JIMD reports · 2019Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We have developed a highly sensitive and specific method for quantification of salivary 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3HIB), 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (3HMB) and 2-hydroxybutyrate (2HB), which could be new non-invasive biomarkers for catabolic pathways of fatty acids/ketogenic amino acids, valine, leucine, and methionine/threonine/α-ketobutyrate, respectively. The four hydroxybutyrates (3HB, 3HIB, 3HMB, and 2HB) were extracted from 5 µl of saliva, converted to 2-pyridylmethyl (2PM) ester derivatives, and measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode. [(13)C4]3HB was used as an internal standard. The detection limits for the 2PM esters were <1 pg (7.9-9.6 fmol) on-column (signal-to-noise ratio = 3). Reproducibilities and recoveries of the hydroxybutyrates were validated according to one-way layout and polynomial equation, respectively. The variances between sample preparations and between measurements were calculated to be 0.45-5.28 and 0.54-3.45 %, respectively. Experiments performed using 5 µl of saliva spiked with 3.8-154.4 pmol of the four hydroxybutyrates gave recoveries of 98.5 to 108.8 %, with a mean recovery of 104.1 %. In vitro experiments in hepatocytes or skeletal muscle cells showed that addition of palmitic acid, valine, leucine or α-ketobutyrate to culture medium markedly increased the targeted hydroxybutyrate concentrations. The salivary concentration of each targeted hydroxybutyrate was positively correlated with that in serum, and the salivary levels were elevated in patients with liver cirrhosis, which is characterized by upregulated catabolism of lipids and amino acids. The proposed method is useful for quantification of salivary 3HB, 3HIB, 3HMB, and 2HB for monitoring of catabolic activities of amino acids and fatty acids.
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