ReviewEuropean cells & materials2015
Disc in flames: Roles of TNF-α and IL-1β in intervertebral disc degeneration.
Review in European cells & materials, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06151704 (The Effect of High-power Laser Therapy on Pain, Functional Disability, Range of Motion and Pressure Pain Threshold in Subjects With Radicular Low Back Pain Due to Intervertebral Disc Herniation), which is not on this map. Cited by 244 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of High-power Laser Therapy on Pain, Functional Disability, Range of Motion and Pressure Pain Threshold in Subjects With Radicular Low Back Pain Due to Intervertebral Disc Herniation: A Double-blind Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
244 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mapping the degenerating intervertebral disc: a systematic review of histological evidence.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Extracellular Vesicles as an Emerging Treatment Option for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Therapeutic Potential, Translational Pathways, and Regulatory Considerations.Advanced healthcare materials · 2022Pooled it
- Deep or Superficial? Autologous Conditioned Serum for Cervical Pain with Degenerative Disc Disease - a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2026Trial
- Article
- Microfragmented Adipose Tissue in Pain Management: Bridging Regenerative Biology and Clinical Therapeutics.Pain and therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Interventional radiology management of disc herniation: a narrative review.La Radiologia medica · 2026Review
- Organ-on-a-Chip Technology: Advances in Modeling Inflammation, Neurovascularization and Nociception in Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.Smart medicine · 2026Review
- Smoking, Alcohol Use, and Low Back Pain: A Large-Scale Study Identifying a Synergistic Lifestyle Risk.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- IntradiscalJOR spine · 2026Article
- The clinical role of lncRNA PRKG1-AS1 in lumbar disc degeneration and its mechanism in regulating inflammation and ferroptosis via miR-218-5p.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Restoring disc matrix homeostasis: Dual-miRNA and human platelet lysate as a novel therapeutic strategy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of Dual-miRNA Mediated Stimulation of Nucleus Pulposus and Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells for Intervertebral Disc Repair.JOR spine · 2026Article
- In Situ Stress-Dispersing Hydrogel Millispheres via Load Redistribution to Restore Nucleus Pulposus Metabolic Homeostasis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sex Hormones Attenuate Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Nucleus Pulposus and Annulus Fibrosus Cells in a Cell-Type Specific Manner.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Article
- Hydrogels Targeting Mechanical-biological signaling transitions of interleukin-33 alleviates intervertebral-disc degeneration.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Immunometabolism: A Novel Therapeutic Target and Its Pharmacological Modulation for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From Modic changes to the disc-endplate-bone marrow complex: imaging stratification, immune remodeling, and translational implications in intervertebral disc degeneration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of discogenic low back pain: a phenotype-driven precision framework for surgical and interventional decision-making.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
184 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The intervertebral disc is an important mechanical structure that allows range of motion of the spinal column. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc--incited by aging, traumatic insult, genetic predisposition, or other factors--is often defined by functional and structural changes in the tissue, including excessive breakdown of the extracellular matrix, increased disc cell senescence and death, as well as compromised biomechanical function of the tissue. Intervertebral disc degeneration is strongly correlated with low back pain, which is a highly prevalent and costly condition, significantly contributing to loss in productivity and health care costs. Disc degeneration is a chronic, progressive condition, and current therapies are limited and often focused on symptomatic pain relief rather than curtailing the progression of the disease. Inflammatory processes exacerbated by cytokines tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are believed to be key mediators of disc degeneration and low back pain. In this review, we describe the contributions of TNF-α and IL-1β to changes seen during disc degeneration at both cellular and tissue level, as well as new evidence suggesting a link between infection of the spine and low back pain, and the emerging therapeutic modalities aimed at combating these processes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.