Trial reportClinical drug investigation2015
Combination therapy with milrinone and esmolol for heart protection in patients with severe sepsis: a prospective, randomized trial.
Trial report in Clinical drug investigation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mortality in septic patients treated with short-acting betablockers: a comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- The role of esmolol in sepsis: a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Pooled it
- Association of beta blockers and mortality in adults with septic shock: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Beta-blocker treatment in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Benefits of Beta-Blockade in Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review.Clinical drug investigation · 2019Pooled it
- Milrinone for cardiac dysfunction in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Intensive care medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Effects of adjunctive milrinone versus placebo on hemodynamics in patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled trial.Annals of medicine · 2025Trial
- Landiolol for heart rate control in patients with septic shock and persistent tachycardia. A multicenter randomized clinical trial (Landi-SEP).Intensive care medicine · 2024Trial
- Impact of β-blockers on mortality in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: a retrospective propensity score-matched analysis.Renal failure · 2025Article
- The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2024.Journal of intensive care · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of heart rate control with esmolol on the incidence and duration of organ failure in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: protocol of a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Exosomes Derived from Apelin-Pretreated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction by Alleviating Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis via Delivery of miR-34a-5p.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of short-acting β-blockers in patients with sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Ivabradine in Septic Shock: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Clinical Effect of Norepinephrine Combined with Esmolol Treatment in Patients with Septic Shock and Its Impact on Prognosis.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Effect of ultrashort-acting β-blockers on 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis with persistent tachycardia despite initial resuscitation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and trial sequential analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Comparison of the Protective Effects of Nebivolol and Metoprolol against LPS-Induced Injury in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts.Current issues in molecular biology · 2023Article
- The influence of metoprolol in patients with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy: A retrospective study.Saudi medical journal · 2023Article
- Effect of β-blockers on mortality in patients with sepsis: A propensity-score matched analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveAs a β-adrenoceptor antagonist (β-blocker), esmolol can reduce cardiac output and the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor milrinone has been shown to improve heart contractility in patients with septic shock. This study was performed to assess the effects of esmolol combined with milrinone in patients with severe sepsis.
methodsThis prospective randomized study was conducted in patients with severe sepsis in the intensive care unit of the Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital (Nanchang, Jiangsu, China) between June 2013 and June 2014. Patients were randomly divided into control (C), milrinone (M), and milrinone-esmolol (ME) groups. The primary outcome was the rate of controlling the heart rate (HR) to achieve target levels. Secondary outcomes included the 28-day survival rate and changes in hemodynamic variables, organ function variables, myocardial injury markers, and the serum levels of proinflammatory factors.
resultA total of 90 patients with severe sepsis were included in this study (30 per group). The HR in the ME group was lower than in the M and C groups after 12 h. The rate of successful HR control during the first 96 h was significantly higher in the ME group (60.0 vs. 33.3 % in the M group, vs. 26.7 % in the C group). Also, patients in the ME group had higher 28-day overall survival compared with the M (Log rank statistic = 5.452; P = 0.020) and C groups (Log rank statistic = 10.206; P = 0.001). Additionally, several variables showed significant improvement in the ME group 96 h after treatment compared with the M and C groups (P < 0.05).
conclusionCombination therapy with milrinone and esmolol could improve cardiac function and the 28-day survival rate in patients with severe sepsis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.