ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Synthesis of phylogeny and taxonomy into a comprehensive tree of life.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 260 papers, 28 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
260 citing papers in PubMed, 28 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
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- Phenotypic Flexibility in the City: A Meta-Analysis on Variation.Ecology letters · 2026Pooled it
- Two decades of resurrection studies: What have we learned about contemporary evolution of plant species?American journal of botany · 2026Pooled it
- Phenotypic plasticity in visual opsin gene expression: a meta-analysis in teleost fish.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Pooled it
- Increases in Arctic Extreme Climatic Events Are Linked to Negative Fitness Effects on the Local Biota.Global change biology · 2025Pooled it
- Do Egg Hormones Have Fitness Consequences in Wild Birds? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Ecology letters · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of chemical pollution across major life transitions: a meta-analysis on oxidative stress in amphibians.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Gut protozoa of wild rodents - a meta-analysis.Parasitology · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis shows no consistent evidence for senescence in ejaculate traits across animals.Nature communications · 2024Pooled it
- The influence of immune challenges on the mean and variance in reproductive investment: a meta-analysis of the terminal investment hypothesis.BMC biology · 2023Pooled it
- A global meta-analysis reveals higher variation in breeding phenology in urban birds than in their non-urban neighbours.Ecology letters · 2022Pooled it
- Parasitism shapes selection by drastically reducing host fitness and increasing host fitness variation.Biology letters · 2022Pooled it
- A quantitative synthesis of and predictive framework for studying winter warming effects in reptiles.Oecologia · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analysis reveals weak but pervasive plasticity in insect thermal limits.Nature communications · 2022Pooled it
- Male alternative reproductive tactics and sperm competition: a meta-analysis.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2022Pooled it
- A meta-analysis on the evolution of the Lombard effect reveals that amplitude adjustments are a widespread vertebrate mechanism.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Pooled it
- Sexual dimorphism in phenotypic plasticity and persistence under environmental change: An extension of theory and meta-analysis of current data.Ecology letters · 2022Pooled it
- Physiology can predict animal activity, exploration, and dispersal.Communications biology · 2022Pooled it
- Why don't all animals avoid inbreeding?Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Pooled it
- The island rule explains consistent patterns of body size evolution in terrestrial vertebrates.Nature ecology & evolution · 2021Pooled it
200 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reconstructing the phylogenetic relationships that unite all lineages (the tree of life) is a grand challenge. The paucity of homologous character data across disparately related lineages currently renders direct phylogenetic inference untenable. To reconstruct a comprehensive tree of life, we therefore synthesized published phylogenies, together with taxonomic classifications for taxa never incorporated into a phylogeny. We present a draft tree containing 2.3 million tips-the Open Tree of Life. Realization of this tree required the assembly of two additional community resources: (i) a comprehensive global reference taxonomy and (ii) a database of published phylogenetic trees mapped to this taxonomy. Our open source framework facilitates community comment and contribution, enabling the tree to be continuously updated when new phylogenetic and taxonomic data become digitally available. Although data coverage and phylogenetic conflict across the Open Tree of Life illuminate gaps in both the underlying data available for phylogenetic reconstruction and the publication of trees as digital objects, the tree provides a compelling starting point for community contribution. This comprehensive tree will fuel fundamental research on the nature of biological diversity, ultimately providing up-to-date phylogenies for downstream applications in comparative biology, ecology, conservation biology, climate change, agriculture, and genomics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.