Secondary schooling might be as good an HIV investment as male circumcision.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

1. Effects of an increase in schooling on HIV infection and behavioural risk: a multicountry instrumental variable analysis of 23 sub-Saharan African countries.BMJ open · 2026
   Article
2. To educate a woman and to educate a man: Gender-specific sexual behavior and human immunodeficiency virus responses to an education reform in Botswana.Health economics · 2021
   Article
3. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among young people in South Africa: A nested survey in a health and demographic surveillance site.PLoS medicine · 2018
   Article
4. Circumcision and its effects in Africa.Translational andrology and urology · 2017
   Review

Corrections and comments

• Commented on by
  Secondary education and HIV infection in Botswana.2016
• Comment on
  Length of secondary schooling and risk of HIV infection in Botswana: evidence from a natural experiment.2015

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as