Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26384556›Full record

Trial reportJournal of pain and symptom management2016

The Influence of Race/Ethnicity and Education on Family Ratings of the Quality of Dying in the ICU.

Janet J Lee, Ann C Long, J Randall Curtis, Ruth A Engelberg

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of pain and symptom management, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05165888 (Targeting Bias to Reduce Disparities in End of Life Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05165888 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Targeting Bias to Reduce Disparities in End of Life Care: Clinician Communication Behavior in Simulated Patient Encounters Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorMontefiore Medical CenterRan2022 to 2024Enrolled22ConditionsTerminal Illness, Critical IllnessArmsCommunication and Bias Mitigation Training, Communication skills training
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  16. [Relatives after a stay on the intensive care unit: a care gap to be closed].Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Janet J LeeUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Ann C LongUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
J Randall CurtisUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Ruth A EngelbergUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA. Electronic address: rengel@u.washington.edu.

Funding

Randomized trial of an interdisciplinary communication intervention to improve paR01NR005226 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CURTIS, J RANDALL, ENGELBERG, RUTH ANN · 1999 to 2012
$6.7M
NINR NIH HHS R01 NR005226
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextRacial and ethnic differences in end-of-life care may be attributable to both patient preferences and health-care disparities. Identifying factors that differentiate preferences from disparities may enhance end-of-life care for critically ill patients and their families.

objectivesTo understand the association of minority race/ethnicity and education with family ratings of the quality of dying and death, taking into consideration possible markers of patient and family preferences for end-of-life care as mediators of this association.

methodsData were obtained from 15 intensive care units participating in a cluster-randomized trial of a palliative care intervention. Family members of decedents completed self-report surveys evaluating quality of dying. We used regression analyses to identify associations between race/ethnicity, education, and quality of dying ratings. We then used path analyses to investigate whether advance directives and life-sustaining treatment acted as mediators between patient characteristics and ratings of quality of dying.

resultsFamily members returned 1290 surveys for 2850 decedents. Patient and family minority race/ethnicity were both associated with lower ratings of quality of dying. Presence of a living will and dying in the setting of full support mediated the relationship between patient race and family ratings; patient race exerted an indirect, rather than direct, effect on quality of dying. Family minority race had a direct effect on lower ratings of quality of dying. Neither patient nor family education was associated with quality of dying.

conclusionMinority race/ethnicity was associated with lower family ratings of quality of dying. This association was mediated by factors that may be markers of patient and family preferences (living will, death in the setting of full support); family member minority race/ethnicity was directly associated with lower ratings of quality of dying. Our findings generate hypothesized pathways that require future evaluation.

Indexed as

DeathIntensive Care UnitsPalliative CareAgedEducational StatusFamilyFemaleHealthcare DisparitiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedMinority GroupsModels, PsychologicalRegression AnalysisSelf ReportEducationend-of-life carehealth-care disparitiespalliative carerace/ethnicity

Identifiers

PMID26384556
PMCPMC4701575

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.