ArticleNucleic acids research2015
The novel influenza A virus protein PA-X and its naturally deleted variant show different enzymatic properties in comparison to the viral endonuclease PA.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Chronic Diseases and Influenza Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Structural Studies of Inhibitors with Clinically Relevant Influenza Endonuclease Variants.Biochemistry · 2024Article
- Cut site preference allows influenza A virus PA-X to discriminate between host and viral mRNAs.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- Influenza A virus inhibits TET2 expression by endoribonuclease PA-X to attenuate type I interferon signaling and promote viral replication.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- NS1 and PA-X of H1N1/09 influenza virus act in a concerted manner to manipulate the innate immune response of porcine respiratory epithelial cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- The Role of Viral RNA Degrading Factors in Shutoff of Host Gene Expression.Annual review of virology · 2022Review
- Minding the message: tactics controlling RNA decay, modification, and translation in virus-infected cells.Genes & development · 2022Review
- Live attenuated influenza A virus vaccines with modified NS1 proteins for veterinary use.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Accessory Gene Products of Influenza A Virus.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Article
- Immunity to Influenza Infection in Humans.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Review
- Detection methods for influenza A H1N1 virus with special reference to biosensors: a review.Bioscience reports · 2020Review
- Increasing the Safety Profile of the Master Donor Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Innate Immune Evasion by Human Respiratory RNA Viruses.Journal of innate immunity · 2020Review
- The Influenza A Virus Endoribonuclease PA-X Usurps Host mRNA Processing Machinery to Limit Host Gene Expression.Cell reports · 2019Article
- Molecular pathogenic and host range determinants of reassortant Egyptian low pathogenic avian influenza H9N2 viruses from backyard chicken.International journal of veterinary science and medicine · 2019Article
- Review
- In silico thermodynamic stability of mammalian adaptation and virulence determinants in polymerase complex proteins of H9N2 virus.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The PA protein of Influenza A virus (IAV) encoded by segment 3 acts as a specialized RNA endonuclease in the transcription of the viral genome. The same genomic segment encodes for a second shorter protein, termed PA-X, with the first 191 N-terminal aminoacids (aa) identical to PA, but with a completely different C-ter domain of 61 aa, due to a ribosomal frameshifting. In addition, it has been shown that several IAV isolates encode for a naturally truncated PA-X variant, PAXΔC20, missing the last 20 aa. The biochemical properties of PA-X and PAXΔC20 have been poorly investigated so far. Here, we have carried out an enzymatic characterization of PA-X and its naturally deleted form, in comparison with PA from the human IAV strain A/WSN/33 (H1N1). Our results showed, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, that PA-X possesses an endonucleolytic activity. Both PA and PA-X preferentially cut single stranded RNA regions, but with some differences. In addition, we showed that PAXΔC20 has severely reduced nuclease activity. These results point to a previously undetected role of the last C-ter 20 aa for the catalytic activity of PA-X and support distinct roles for these proteins in the viral life cycle.
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