Trial reportPloS one2015
Economical Speed and Energetically Optimal Transition Speed Evaluated by Gross and Net Oxygen Cost of Transport at Different Gradients.
Trial report in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-objective control in human walking: insight gained through simultaneous degradation of energetic and motor regulation systems.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2019Trial
- Validity of energy expenditure from combined accelerometry and heart rate during load carriage in adults with overweight to mild obesity.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Energetic Contribution of the Human Plantar Aponeurosis to Locomotor Economy During Bipedal Walking and Running.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026Article
- Macro- and microcirculatory factors affecting foot temperature change during walking.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Mapping the Multidimensional Link Between Spatiotemporal Gait Features and Metabolic Cost in Older Adults.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A Doppler Ultrasound Method to Measure Vascular Responses to Walking.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Benchmarking the predictive capability of human gait simulations.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Emergence of natural and robust bipedal walking by learning from biologically plausible objectives.iScience · 2025Article
- Normalized economical speed is influenced by aging and not by exercise habituation.BMC research notes · 2023Article
- Economical and preferred walking speed using body weight support apparatus with a spring-like characteristics.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Using Accelerometry for Evaluating Energy Consumption and Running Intensity Distribution Throughout a Marathon According to Sex.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Estimation of energy consumed by middle-aged recreational marathoners during a marathon using accelerometry-based devices.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- On the simple calculation of walking efficiency without kinematic information for its convenient use.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2019Article
- Article
- Impact of ambient temperature on energy cost and economical speed during level walking in healthy young males.Biology open · 2018Article
- Energy cost and lower leg muscle activities during erect bipedal locomotion under hyperoxia.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2018Article
- Measuring the Energy of Ventilation and Circulation during Human Walking using Induced Hypoxia.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Muscle activities during walking and running at energetically optimal transition speed under normobaric hypoxia on gradient slopes.PloS one · 2017Article
- Walking economy at simulated high altitude in human healthy young male lowlanders.Biology open · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The oxygen cost of transport per unit distance (CoT; mL·kg(-1)·km(-1)) shows a U-shaped curve as a function of walking speed (v), which includes a particular walking speed minimizing the CoT, so called economical speed (ES). The CoT-v relationship in running is approximately linear. These distinctive walking and running CoT-v relationships give an intersection between U-shaped and linear CoT relationships, termed the energetically optimal transition speed (EOTS). This study investigated the effects of subtracting the standing oxygen cost for calculating the CoT and its relevant effects on the ES and EOTS at the level and gradient slopes (±5%) in eleven male trained athletes. The percent effects of subtracting the standing oxygen cost (4.8 ± 0.4 mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) on the CoT were significantly greater as the walking speed was slower, but it was not significant at faster running speeds over 9.4 km·h(-1). The percent effect was significantly dependent on the gradient (downhill > level > uphill, P < 0.001). The net ES (level 4.09 ± 0.31, uphill 4.22 ± 0.37, and downhill 4.16 ± 0.44 km·h(-1)) was approximately 20% slower than the gross ES (level 5.15 ± 0.18, uphill 5.27 ± 0.20, and downhill 5.37 ± 0.22 km·h(-1), P < 0.001). Both net and gross ES were not significantly dependent on the gradient. In contrast, the gross EOTS was slower than the net EOTS at the level (7.49 ± 0.32 vs. 7.63 ± 0.36 km·h(-1), P = 0.003) and downhill gradients (7.78 ± 0.33 vs. 8.01 ± 0.41 km·h(-1), P < 0.001), but not at the uphill gradient (7.55 ± 0.37 vs. 7.63 ± 0.51 km·h(-1), P = 0.080). Note that those percent differences were less than 2.9%. Given these results, a subtraction of the standing oxygen cost should be carefully considered depending on the purpose of each study.
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