ArticleParasites & vectors2015
Non-structural protein NS3/NS3a is required for propagation of bluetongue virus in Culicoides sonorensis.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The changing landscape of bluetongue in northern Europe.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Review
- Engineering recombinant replication-competent bluetongue viruses expressing reporter genes forMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- First molecular evidence of potential Culicoides vectors implicated in bluetongue virus transmission in Morocco.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Co-expression of VP2, NS1 and NS2-Nt proteins by an MVA viral vector induces complete protection against bluetongue virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Combined Expression of the Nonstructural Protein NS1 and the N-Terminal Half of NS2 (NS2Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Vaccination as a Strategy to Prevent Bluetongue Virus Vertical Transmission.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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- Multiple Routes of Bluetongue Virus Egress.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- A protective bivalent vaccine against Rift Valley fever and bluetongue.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- Vector competence is strongly affected by a small deletion or point mutations in bluetongue virus.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Transcriptome analysis of responses to bluetongue virus infection in Aedes albopictus cells.BMC microbiology · 2019Article
- Prospects of Next-Generation Vaccines for Bluetongue.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2019Review
- Structural Protein VP2 of African Horse Sickness Virus Is Not Essential for Virus Replication In Vitro.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Replication-Deficient Particles: New Insights into the Next Generation of Bluetongue Virus Vaccines.Journal of virology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBluetongue virus (BTV) causes non-contagious haemorrhagic disease in ruminants and is transmitted by Culicoides spp. biting midges. BTV encodes four non-structural proteins of which NS3/NS3a is functional in virus release. NS3/NS3a is not essential for in vitro virus replication. However, deletion of NS3/NS3a leads to delayed virus release from mammalian cells and largely reduces virus release from insect cells. NS3/NS3a knockout BTV in sheep causes no viremia, but induces sterile immunity and is therefore proposed to be a Disabled Infectious Single Animal (DISA) vaccine candidate. In the absence of viremia, uptake of this vaccine strain by blood-feeding midges would be highly unlikely. Nevertheless, unintended replication of vaccine strains within vectors, and subsequent recombination or re-assortment resulting in virulent phenotypes and transmission is a safety concern of modified-live vaccines.
methodsThe role of NS3/NS3a in replication and dissemination of BTV1, expressing VP2 of serotype 2 within colonized Culicoides sonorensis midges was investigated. Virus strains were generated using reverse genetics and their growth was examined in vitro. A laboratory colony of C. sonorensis, a known competent BTV vector, was fed or injected with BTV with or without expressing NS3/NS3a and replication in the midge was examined using RT PCR. Crossing of the midgut infection barrier was examined by separate testing of midge heads and bodies.
resultsAlthough the parental NS3/NS3a expressing strain was not able to replicate and disseminate within C. sonorensis after oral feeding, this virus was able to replicate efficiently when the midgut infection barrier was bypassed by intrathoracic injection, whereas the NS3/NS3a knockout mutant was unable to replicate. This demonstrates that NS3/NS3a is required for viral replication within Culicoides.
conclusionThe lack of viremia and the inability to replicate within the vector, clearly demonstrate the inability of NS3/NS3a knockout DISA vaccine strains to be transmitted by midges.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.