ArticleScientific reports2015
Pain modulation effect of breathing-controlled electrical stimulation (BreEStim) is not likely to be mediated by deep and fast voluntary breathing.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Breathing-Controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) Selectively Modulates Affective and Cognitive Components of Pain-An EEG Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neuropathic pain modulation after spinal cord injury by breathing-controlled electrical stimulation (BreEStim) is associated with restoration of autonomic dysfunction.Journal of pain research · 2018Article
- Automated classification of pain perception using high-density electroencephalography data.Journal of neurophysiology · 2017Article
- A novel nonpharmacological intervention - breathing-controlled electrical stimulation for neuropathic pain management after spinal cord injury - a preliminary study.Journal of pain research · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Voluntary breathing-controlled electrical stimulation (BreEStim), a novel non-invasive and non-pharmacological treatment protocol for neuropathic pain management, was reported to selectively reduce the affective component of pain possibly by increasing pain threshold. The underlying mechanisms involved in the analgesic effect of BreEStim were considered to result from combination of multiple internal pain coping mechanisms triggered during BreEStim. Findings from our recent studies have excluded possible roles of acupuncture and aversiveness and habituation of painful electrical stimulation in mediating the analgesia effect of BreEStim. To further investigate the possible role of voluntary breathing during BreEStim, the effectiveness of fast and deep voluntary breathing-only and BreEStim on experimentally induced pain was compared in healthy human subjects. Results showed no change in electrical pain threshold after Breathing-only, but a significant increase in electrical pain threshold after BreEStim. There was no statistically significant change in other thresholds after Breathing-only and BreEStim. The findings suggest that the analgesic effect of BreEStim is not likely attributed to fast and deep voluntary breathing. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
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