ArticleDiabetologia2015
Severity of the metabolic syndrome as a predictor of type 2 diabetes between childhood and adulthood: the Princeton Lipid Research Cohort Study.
Article in Diabetologia, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heritability of the Severity of the Metabolic Syndrome in Whites and Blacks in 3 Large Cohorts.Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics · 2017Pooled it
- Impact of Setmelanotide on Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Patients With Bardet-Biedl Syndrome.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Effects of a 2-Year Primary Care Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Cluster-Randomized Trial.Circulation · 2021Trial
- Leisure-Time Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Diet Quality are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity: The PREDIMED-Plus Study.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Use of a Metabolic Syndrome SeverityDiabetes care · 2018Trial
- Prevalence and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in adults from the French childhood leukemia survivors' cohort: a comparison with controls from the French population.Haematologica · 2018Trial
- A non-invasive tool for the early identification of children at risk of cardiometabolic dysfunction: data from the PODiaCar project.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Metabolic disease variants rewire gene regulation through disruption of DNA G-quadruplex structures.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Free testosterone independently predicts metabolic syndrome severity in U.S. adolescent girls aged 12-19 years.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Association Between Metabolic and Endocrine Parameters With Visceral Adiposity Index-Defined Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Young Adult Males.Journal of obesity · 2026Article
- Association of pre-and postnatal mercury exposure with cardiometabolic risk factors in children: the role of the telomere length and telomerase reverse transcriptase polymorphisms.Environment international · 2025Article
- Association between Increased Age at Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Metabolic Syndrome.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Associations of Sleep Health and Metabolic Syndrome Severity in Black Individuals: The Jackson Heart Sleep Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- ObMetrics: A Shiny app to assist in metabolic syndrome assessment in paediatric obesity.Pediatric obesity · 2025Observational
- Exploring the link between metabolic syndrome risk and physical fitness in children with obesity: a cross-sectional study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- The correlation between HOMA-IR and cardiometabolic risk index among different metabolic adults: a cross-sectional study.Acta diabetologica · 2025Article
- Differences of Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Syndrome Severity Among Metabolic Syndrome Clusters.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Chemical Mixtures and Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Children.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- 2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2024Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisThe aim of this study was to determine the long-term associations of a sex- and race/ethnicity-specific metabolic syndrome (MetS) severity z score from childhood and adulthood with a future diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
methodsWe performed a prospective cohort study with evaluations from the Cincinnati Clinic of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Lipids Research Clinic (LRC) 1973-1976 and Princeton Follow-up Study (PFS) 1998-2003, and further disease status from the Princeton Health Update (PHU) 2010-2014. We assessed MetS severity as a predictor of incident type 2 diabetes among 629 cohort participants assessed at both the LRC and PFS and 354 participants at the PHU.
resultsCohort participants had a mean age of 12.9 years at baseline (LRC), 38.4 years at the PFS and 49.6 years at the most recent follow-up. Childhood MetS z scores were associated with adult MetS z scores (p < 0.01). Compared with individuals who were disease-free at all time-points, those who developed type 2 diabetes by 1998-2003 and 2010-2014 had higher MetS severity z scores in childhood (p < 0.05). For every one-unit elevation in childhood MetS z score, the OR of developing future type 2 diabetes was 2.7 for incident disease by a mean age of 38.5 years (p < 0.01) and 2.8 for incident disease by a mean age of 49.6 years (p < 0.05). Regarding associations with the change in z score from childhood to adulthood, for every one-unit increase in MetS z score over time the OR of developing incident type 2 diabetes by a mean age of 49.6 years was 7.3 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe severity of MetS in childhood was associated with the incidence of adult type 2 diabetes and the degree of increase in this severity predicted future disease. These findings provide evidence of potential clinical utility in assessing MetS severity to detect risk and follow clinical progress over time.
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