ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2015
The smell of fear: innate threat of 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline, a single molecule component of a predator odor.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed.
- Stress-coping behavior during predator odor exposure is associated with differences in decision making.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- Stress-coping behavior during predator odor exposure is associated with differences in decision making.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Midbrain PAG Astrocytes Modulate Mouse Defensive and Panic-Like Behaviors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Construction of a machine learning-based predictive model for odor-driven behavioral preference of odorant molecules.Current research in food science · 2026Article
- Longitudinal shifts in avoidance-based phenotypes in a predator odor conditioned place aversion model of posttraumatic stress disorder.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Genetic deletion of NAPE-PLD alters stress responsiveness and HPA-axis functionality in a context-dependent manner in mice.Neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- The persistent effects of exposure to a predator odor stressor on sensitivity to alcohol.Addiction neuroscience · 2025Article
- Reconfiguration of brain-wide neural activity after early life adversity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Reconfiguration of brain-wide neural activity after early life adversity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Paternal predatory risk alters parental behavior and offspring phenotypes in biparental Brandt's voles.Current zoology · 2025Article
- Article
- Tachykinin-1-expressing parasubthalamic nucleus neurons are necessary for odorant-induced appetite suppression.Physiology & behavior · 2025Article
- Constitutive activity of the inhibitory G protein pathway mediated by non-visual opsin Opn7b reduces cFos activity in stress and fear circuits and modulates avoidance behavior.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- How can ethology inform the neuroscience of fear, aggression and dominance?Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
- Dysregulated RBM24 phosphorylation impairs APOE translation underlying psychological stress-induced cardiovascular disease.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Catch me if you can: free-living mice show a highly flexible dodging behaviour suggestive of intentional tactical deception.Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Distinct glutamatergic projections of the posteroventral medial amygdala play different roles in arousal and anxiety.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Predator odor stress reactivity, alcohol drinking and the endocannabinoid system.Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Distinct subpopulations of ventral pallidal cholinergic projection neurons encode valence of olfactory stimuli.Cell reports · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In the last several years, the importance of understanding what innate threat and fear is, in addition to learning of threat and fear, has become evident. Odors from predators are ecologically relevant stimuli used by prey animals as warnings for the presence of danger. Of importance, these odors are not necessarily noxious or painful, but they have innate threat-like properties. This review summarizes the progress made on the behavioral and neuroanatomical fundamentals of innate fear of the predator odor, 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT), a component of fox feces. TMT is one of several single molecule components of predator odors that have been isolated in the last several years. Isolation of these single molecules has allowed for rapid advances in delineating the behavioral constraints and selective neuroanatomical pathways of predator odor induced fear. In naïve mice and rats, TMT induces a number of fear and defensive behaviors, including robust freezing, indicating it is an innate threat stimulus. However, there are a number of behavioral constraints that we do not yet understand. Similarly, while some of the early olfactory sensory pathways for TMT-induced fear are being delineated, the pathways from olfactory systems to emotional and motor output regions are less well understood. This review will focus on what we know and what we still need to learn about the behavior and neuroanatomy of TMT-induced fear.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.