ArticlePloS one2015
Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics and Its Associated Factors among Urban and Rural Communities of Bahir Dar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Nasopharyngeal Carriage Rate, Risk Factors, and Co-Resistance Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and predictors of self-medication with antibiotics in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2024Pooled it
- Income level and antibiotic misuse: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2022Pooled it
- Epidemiology of self-medication in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2018Pooled it
- Investigating the impact of poverty on colonization and infection with drug-resistant organisms in humans: a systematic review.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2018Pooled it
- The magnitude of antibiotic resistance to Helicobacter pylori in Africa and identified mutations which confer resistance to antibiotics: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- A prospective cluster randomized trial of an interventions bundle to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use for upper respiratory tract infections in the outpatient setting.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Beyond the prescription: unraveling knowledge, attitudes, and the socio-demographic tapestry of antibiotic misuse among university students in Egypt.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance Among Adults in Communities of Montserrado County, Liberia: A Household-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli from patients, cattle, and environmental sources in northwest Amhara, Ethiopia: a one health approach.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- When good knowledge falls short: identity and geography drive inappropriate antibiotic use in Malaysia.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Social determinants of health and knowledge, attitude and practice studies on antimicrobial resistance-an evidence review and future direction.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
- Panel data analysis of spatial effects carbapenem-resistant organisms in mainland China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated factors of Salmonella serovars among human-animal interfaces in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic status and the risk for colonisation or infection with priority bacterial pathogens: a global evidence map.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Review
- Antibiotic Use Patterns at Jimma Medical Center in Southwest Ethiopia: A Call for Local Antibiogram-Guided Prescription.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Assessing community antibiotic usage and adherence as per standard treatment guidelines: A potential area to enhance awareness at community pharmacy settings.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Assessment of inappropriate use of antibiotics and contributing factors in Awi Administrative Zone, Northwestern Amhara regional State, Ethiopia.New microbes and new infections · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance among university students in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey study.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2025Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInappropriate use of antibiotics in the community plays a role in the emergence and spread of bacteria resistant to antibiotics which threatens human health significantly. The present study was designed to determine inappropriate use of antibiotics and its associated factors among urban and rural communities of Bahir Dar city administration.
methodsA comparative cross sectional study design was conducted in urban and rural kebeles of Bahir Dar city administration from February 1 to March 28, 2014. A total of 1082 participants included in the study using a systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Data was coded and entered into SPSSS version 16 for statistical analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify factors associated with inappropriate use of antibiotics.
resultsInappropriate use of antibiotics was 30.9% without significant difference between urban (33.1%) and rural (29.2%) communities. From the inappropriate antibiotic use practice, self-medication was 18.0% and the remaining (12.9%) was for family member medication. Respiratory tract symptoms (74.6%), diarrhea (74.4%), and physical injury/wound (64.3%) were the three main reasons that the communities had used antibiotics inappropriately. Factors associated with inappropriate use of antibiotics were low educational status, younger age, unsatisfaction with the health care services, engagement with a job, and low knowledge on the use of antibiotic preparations of human to animals.
conclusionsInappropriate use of antibiotic exists in the study area with no significant difference between urban and rural communities. The study indicated an insight on what factors that intervention should be made to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics in the community. Interventions that consider age groups, educational status, common health problems and their jobs together with improvement of health care services should be areas of focus to reduce inappropriate use of antibiotics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.