ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2016
Pandemrix™ and narcolepsy: A critical appraisal of the observational studies.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Patient experiences of narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia in the Nordics: a patient journey map.Journal of sleep research · 2025Article
- T cells responses after vaccination: a regulatory perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Advances in Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Nuclear respiratory factor-1 negatively regulates TGF-β1 and attenuates pulmonary fibrosis.iScience · 2022Article
- Narcolepsy and H1N1 influenza immunology a decade later: What have we learned?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Vaccine safety - is the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine any different?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Review
- Influenza in Children.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- [Recommendations on the approach when unusual neurological symptoms occur in temporal association with vaccinations in childhood and adolescence].Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Kinderheilkunde · 2021Article
- Neurologic Manifestations of the World Health Organization's List of Pandemic and Epidemic Diseases.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Reassessment of the risk of narcolepsy in children in England 8 years after receipt of the AS03-adjuvanted H1N1 pandemic vaccine: A case-coverage study.PLoS medicine · 2020Article
- Narcolepsy Presentation in Diverse Populations: an Update.Current sleep medicine reports · 2020Review
- Suspicions of possible vaccine harms must be scrutinised openly and independently to ensure confidence.NPJ vaccines · 2020Article
- The Importance of Vaccinating Children and Pregnant Women against Influenza Virus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Narcolepsy and adjuvanted pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccines - Multi-country assessment.Vaccine · 2018Article
- Narcolepsy Associated with Pandemrix Vaccine.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2018Review
- Article
- The immunogenetics of narcolepsy associated with A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccination (Pandemrix) supports a potent gene-environment interaction.Genes and immunity · 2017Article
- Vaccination of Adult Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Portugal.International journal of rheumatology · 2016Review
- Twin Peaks: A/H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Virus Infection and Vaccination in Norway, 2009-2010.PloS one · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A link between Pandemrix™ (AS03-adjuvanted H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine, GSK Vaccines, Belgium) and narcolepsy was first suspected in 2010 in Sweden and Finland following a number of reports in children and adolescents. Initial scepticism about the reported association faded as additional countries reported similar findings, leading several regulatory authorities to restrict the use of Pandemrix™. The authors acknowledge that currently available data suggest an increased risk of narcolepsy following vaccination with Pandemrix™; however, from an epidemiologist's perspective, significant methodological limitations of the studies have not been fully addressed and raise questions about the reported risk estimates. We review the most important biases and confounders that potentially occurred in 12 European studies of the observed association between Pandemrix™ and narcolepsy, and call for further analyses and debate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.