Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26378576›Full record

SynthesisNutrients2015

Milk Consumption and Mortality from All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Susanna C Larsson, Alessio Crippa, Nicola Orsini, Alicja Wolk, Karl Michaëlsson

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nutrients, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03821116 (Milk and Soured Milk), which is not on this map. Cited by 52 papers, 18 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 18 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03821116 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Milk and Soured Milk (filmjölk) Intervention on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: A Randomized Crossover Intervention Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUppsala UniversityRan2019 to 2020Enrolled84ConditionsOxidative Stress, InflammationArmsMilk, Soured milk (filmjölk)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 18 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  3. The doseFrontiers in nutrition · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Susanna C LarssonUnit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. susanna.larsson@ki.se.
Alessio CrippaUnit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. alessio.crippa@ki.se.
Nicola OrsiniUnit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. nicola.orsini@ki.se.
Alicja WolkUnit of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. alicja.wolk@ki.se.
Karl MichaëlssonDepartment of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. karl.michaelsson@surgsci.uu.se.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Results from epidemiological studies of milk consumption and mortality are inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies assessing the association of non-fermented and fermented milk consumption with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. PubMed was searched until August 2015. A two-stage, random-effects, dose-response meta-analysis was used to combine study-specific results. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed with the I² statistic. During follow-up periods ranging from 4.1 to 25 years, 70,743 deaths occurred among 367,505 participants. The range of non-fermented and fermented milk consumption and the shape of the associations between milk consumption and mortality differed considerably between studies. There was substantial heterogeneity among studies of non-fermented milk consumption in relation to mortality from all causes (12 studies; I² = 94%), cardiovascular disease (five studies; I² = 93%), and cancer (four studies; I² = 75%) as well as among studies of fermented milk consumption and all-cause mortality (seven studies; I² = 88%). Thus, estimating pooled hazard ratios was not appropriate. Heterogeneity among studies was observed in most subgroups defined by sex, country, and study quality. In conclusion, we observed no consistent association between milk consumption and all-cause or cause-specific mortality.

Indexed as

DietFeeding BehaviorMilkAdultAgedAnimalsCardiovascular DiseasesCultured Milk ProductsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsProtective FactorsRisk AssessmentRisk Factorscancercardiovascular diseasemeta-analysismilkmortality

Identifiers

PMID26378576
PMCPMC4586558

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.