Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26378134›Full record

ArticleJournal of analytical toxicology2015

Identification of Metabolite Biomarkers of the Designer Hallucinogen 25I-NBOMe in Mouse Hepatic Microsomal Preparations and Human Urine Samples Associated with Clinical Intoxication.

Justin L Poklis, Sara K Dempsey, Kai Liu, Joseph K Ritter, Carl Wolf, Shijun Zhang, Alphonse Poklis

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of analytical toxicology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: NBOMes.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2020
    Review
  3. In vivo evaluation of the CBPharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Justin L PoklisDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA jlpoklis@vcu.edu.
Sara K DempseyDepartment of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Kai LiuDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Joseph K RitterDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA.
Carl WolfDepartment of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Departments of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Shijun ZhangDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Alphonse PoklisDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980613, Richmond, VA 23298-0613, USA Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Departments of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Virginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

VCU Center for Drug Addiction ResearchP30DA033934 · NIDA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI Matthew Sean Halquist · 2014 to 2026
$13.8M
Novel bivalent multifunctional ligands towards Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG041161 · NIA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI ZHANG, SHIJUN · 2012 to 2016
$1.5M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG041161NIA NIH HHS R01AG041161NIDA NIH HHS P30 DA033934NIDA NIH HHS P30DA033934
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

'NBOMe' (dimethoxyphenyl-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine) derivatives are a new class of designer hallucinogenic drugs widely available on the Internet. Currently, 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine (25I-NBOMe) is the most popular abused derivative in the USA. There are little published data on the absorption, metabolism and elimination of 25I-NBOMe, or any of the other NBOMe derivatives. Therefore, there are no definitive metabolite biomarkers. We present the identification of fifteen 25I-NBOMe metabolites in phase I and II mouse hepatic microsomal preparations, and analysis of two human urine samples from 25I-NBOMe-intoxicated patients to test the utility of these metabolites as biomarkers of 25I-NBOMe use. The synthesis of two major urinary metabolites, 2-iodo-4-methoxy-5-[2-[(2-methoxyphenyl) methylamino]ethyl]phenol (2-O-desmethyl-5-I-NBOMe, M5) and 5-iodo-4-methoxy-2-[2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]ethyl]phenol (5-O-desmethyl-2-I-NBOMe), is also presented. Seven phase II glucuronidated metabolites of the O-desmethyl or the hydroxylated phase I metabolites were identified. One human urine sample contained 25I-NBOMe as well as all 15 metabolites identified in mouse hepatic microsomal preparations. Another human urine sample contained no parent 25I-NBOMe, but was found to contain three O-desmethyl metabolites. We recommend β-glucuronidase enzymatic hydrolysis of urine prior to 25I-NBOMe screening and the use of M5 as the primary biomarker in drug testing.

Indexed as

AdultAnimalsBiomarkersDesigner DrugsDimethoxyphenylethylamineHallucinogensHumansMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicrosomes, Liver2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamineBiomarkersDesigner DrugsDimethoxyphenylethylamineHallucinogens

Identifiers

PMID26378134
PMCPMC4570938
OpenAlexW2327733380

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.