ArticleOncotarget2015
Prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) promotes colonic tumorigenesis.
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- First-in-human phase I study of DT-9081, a selective EP4 receptor antagonist, in advanced solid tumors.Investigational new drugs · 2026Article
- The Phenotypical and Functional Effect of PGE2 on Human Macrophages.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Arachidonic acid in aging: New roles for old players.Journal of advanced research · 2025Review
- [Role of COX-2/PGE2/EP4 Axis-induced Macrophage Functional Activation in NSCLC Development].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2024Article
- The effects of metabolism on the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- Role of EP4 factor in paediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive review focusing on the honeymoon period.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2024Review
- Dual Blockade of EP2 and EP4 Signaling is Required for Optimal Immune Activation and Antitumor Activity Against Prostaglandin-Expressing Tumors.Cancer research communications · 2023Article
- Small molecule inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy and associated biomarkers - the current status.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Significance of Hypermethylation of Tumor-Suppressor Genes PTGER4 and ZNF43 at CpG Sites in the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The COX-2-PGE2 Pathway Promotes Tumor Evasion in Colorectal Adenomas.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- Cyclooxygenase-2 in adipose tissue macrophages limits adipose tissue dysfunction in obese mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Anesthesia and Oncology: Friend or Foe?Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Reprogramming immunosuppressive myeloid cells facilitates immunotherapy for colorectal cancer.EMBO molecular medicine · 2021Article
- The Therapeutic Potential of Tackling Tumor-Induced Dendritic Cell Dysfunction in Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Article
- Review
- The Macrophages-Microbiota Interplay in Colorectal Cancer (CRC)-Related Inflammation: Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- First-in-human phase I study of immunomodulatory E7046, an antagonist of PGEJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 Antagonist in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms of Action.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Prostaglandin E2/EP Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although the factors underlying CRC development and progression are multifactorial, there is an important role for tumor-host interactions, especially interactions with myeloid cells. There is also increasing evidence that cyclooxygenase-derived prostaglandins are important mediators of CRC development and growth. Although prevention trials with either nonselective NSAIDs or COX-2 selective agents have shown promise, the gastrointestinal or cardiovascular side effects of these agents have limited their implementation. The predominant prostaglandin involved in CRC pathogenesis is PGE2. Since myeloid cells express high levels of the PGE2 receptor subtype, EP4, we selectively ablated EP4 in myeloid cells and studied adenoma formation in a mouse model of intestinal adenomatous polyposis, ApcMin/+ mice. ApcMin/+mice with selective myeloid cell deletion of EP4 had marked inhibition of both adenoma number and size, with associated decreases in mTOR and ERK activation. Either genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of EP4 receptors led to an anti-tumorigenic M1 phenotype of macrophages/dendritic cells. Therefore, PGE2-mediated EP4 signaling in myeloid cells promotes tumorigenesis, suggesting EP4 as a potentially attractive target for CRC chemoprevention or treatment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.