Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26377515›Full record

ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016

Effects of Electronic Cigarette Liquid Nicotine Concentration on Plasma Nicotine and Puff Topography in Tobacco Cigarette Smokers: A Preliminary Report.

Alexa A Lopez, Marzena M Hiler, Eric K Soule, Carolina P Ramôa, Nareg V Karaoghlanian, Thokozeni Lipato, Alison B Breland, Alan L Shihadeh, Thomas Eissenberg

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
99citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

99 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017
    Pooled it
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  6. The Impact of E-liquid Propylene Glycol and Vegetable Glycerin Ratio on Ratings of Subjective Effects, Reinforcement Value, and Use in Current Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020
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  10. The Importance of Conditioned Stimuli in Cigarette and E-Cigarette Craving Reduction by E-Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017
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  17. Effects of Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes and Nicotine Vaping Device Characteristics on Choices to Smoke, Vape, or Abstain in Early Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
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  18. Article
  19. Biomarkers of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure by E-Liquid Nicotine Concentration Level among US Adult Exclusive E-Cigarette Users.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Alexa A LopezCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;
Marzena M HilerCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;
Eric K SouleCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;
Carolina P RamôaCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;
Nareg V KaraoghlanianCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Thokozeni LipatoCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;
Alison B BrelandCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA;
Alan L ShihadehCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Thomas EissenbergCenter for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA; teissenb@vcu.edu.

Funding

Training and Education Core p270-287P50DA036105 · NIDA · VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY · PI EISSENBERG, THOMAS EVAN · 2013 to 2017
$19.2M
NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA036105NIDA NIH HHS P50DA036105
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionElectronic cigarettes (ECIGs) aerosolize a liquid that usually contains propylene glycol and/or vegetable glycerin, flavorants, and the dependence-producing drug nicotine in various concentrations. This study examined the extent to which ECIG liquid nicotine concentration is related to user plasma nicotine concentration in ECIG-naïve tobacco cigarette smokers.

methodsSixteen ECIG-naïve cigarette smokers completed four laboratory sessions that differed by the nicotine concentration of the liquid (0, 8, 18, or 36 mg/ml) that was placed into a 1.5 Ohm, dual coil "cartomizer" powered by a 3.3V battery. In each session, participants completed two, 10-puff ECIG use bouts with a 30-second inter-puff interval; bouts were separated by 60 minutes. Venous blood was sampled before and after bouts for later analysis of plasma nicotine concentration; puff duration, volume, and average flow rate were measured during each bout.

resultsIn bout 1, relative to the 0mg/ml nicotine condition (mean = 3.8 ng/ml, SD = 3.3), plasma nicotine concentration increased significantly immediately after the bout for the 8 (mean = 8.8 ng/ml, SD = 6.3), 18 (mean = 13.2 ng/ml, SD = 13.2), and 36 mg/ml (mean = 17.0 ng/ml, SD = 17.9) liquid concentration. A similar pattern was observed after bout 2. Average puff duration in the 36 mg/ml condition was significantly shorter compared to the 0mg/ml nicotine condition. Puff volume increased during the second bout for 8 and 18 mg/ml conditions.

conclusionsFor a given ECIG device, nicotine delivery may be directly related to liquid concentration. ECIG-naïve cigarette smokers can, from their first use bout, attain cigarette-like nicotine delivery profiles with some currently available ECIG products. IMPLICATIONS: Liquid nicotine concentration can influence plasma nicotine concentration in ECIG-naïve cigarette smokers, and, at some concentrations, the nicotine delivery profile of a 3.3V ECIG with a dual coil, 1.5-Ohm cartomizer approaches that of a combustible tobacco cigarette in this population. Finding a product that delivers nicotine as effectively as a tobacco cigarette, as we report here, may be essential for smokers who want to replace completely their combustible tobacco cigarettes with ECIGs.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsHumansNicotineSmokingNicotine

Identifiers

PMID26377515
PMCPMC5896822

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.