Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26377504›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2015

Older people, the natural environment and common mental disorders: cross-sectional results from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study.

Yu-Tzu Wu, A Matthew Prina, Andy Jones, Fiona E Matthews, Carol Brayne, MRC CFAS

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. Climate Change and Older Adults: an Important Reason to Prepare Trainees for the Imminent Geriatric Mental Health Crisis.Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2022
    Article
  16. "I see beauty, I see art, I see design, I see love." Findings from a resident-driven, co-designed gardening program in a long-term care facility.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2022
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  20. How Does Urban Green Space Impact Residents' Mental Health: A Literature Review of Mediators.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yu-Tzu WuDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
A Matthew PrinaDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK Health Service and Population Research Department, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Global Mental Health, London, UK.
Andy JonesNorwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
Fiona E MatthewsMRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
Carol BrayneDepartment of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
MRC CFAS

Funding

Department of HealthMedical Research Council G9901400Medical Research Council MR/K021907/1Medical Research Council U105292687
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo explore the hypothesis that higher exposure to natural environments in local areas is associated with a lower odds of depression and anxiety in later life.

designA cross-sectional study based on the year-10 interview of the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (CFAS), a population-based study of ageing in the UK. Postcodes of the CFAS participants were mapped onto small geographic units, lower-layer super output areas (LSOAs) and linked to environmental data from government databases. The natural environment was characterised as the percentage of green space and private gardens in each LSOA based on the UK Generalised Land Use 2001 Dataset.

participants2424 people aged 74 and over in the CFAS year-10 follow-up interview (2001) from 4 English centres (Cambridgeshire, Nottingham, Newcastle and Oxford).

main outcome measuresDepression and anxiety; clinical and subthreshold cases were identified using the Geriatric Mental State Examination (GMS) package and its associated diagnostic algorithm: the Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy.

resultsCompared with the lowest quartile, living in the highest quartile of neighbourhood natural environment provision was associated with a reduced odds of subthreshold depression (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.95), anxiety symptoms (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.83) and their co-occurrence (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.84) after adjusting for individual-level factors. Controlling for area deprivation attenuated the strength of associations for subthreshold depression by 20% but not for anxiety symptoms or for co-occurrence of the conditions.

conclusionsA high exposure to natural environments (green space and gardens) in communities was associated with fewer mental disorders among older people. Increasing provision of green environments in local areas could be a potential population-level intervention to improve mental health among older people.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overAgingAnxietyCognitionCross-Sectional StudiesDepressionEcological and Environmental PhenomenaEnglandFemaleGeriatric AssessmentHumansMaleResidence CharacteristicsSex DistributionSocial EnvironmentEPIDEMIOLOGYMENTAL HEALTHPUBLIC HEALTH

Identifiers

PMID26377504
PMCPMC4577935

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.