Trial reportPloS one2015
Probiotics Reduce Inflammation in Antiretroviral Treated, HIV-Infected Individuals: Results of the "Probio-HIV" Clinical Trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02164344 (Effects of Probiotics on Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation Markers in HIV-positive Patients on Combined Antiretroviral Therapy and Non-virological Study of the Effects of Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Probiotics on Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation Markers in HIV-positive Patients on Combined Antiretroviral Therapy and Non-virological Study of the Effects of Therapy
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current trends and future directions in probiotics research for HIV/AIDS.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Probiotic supplementation promotes a reduction in T-cell activation, an increase in Th17 frequencies, and a recovery of intestinal epithelium integrity and mitochondrial morphology in ART-treated HIV-1-positive patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2017Trial
- A pilot study on the effects of probiotic supplementation on neuropsychological performance and microRNA-29a-c levels in antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected patients.Brain and behavior · 2017Trial
- The Gut Microbiome in HIV Pathogenesis: Interconnections Between Dysbiosis, Immune Dysfunction, and Viral Persistence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Microbiota as a regulator of brain vulnerability across lifespan and disease contexts.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Feeding the gut-immune axis: dietary, prebiotic, and probiotic strategies to target persistent inflammation in ART-treated HIV: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Abnormal characteristics of intestinal microenvironment in HIV immunological non-responders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Monocytes in HIV associated atherosclerosis: A review of pathogenesis and clinical implications.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- High-risk Sexual Behavior for HIV Acquisition is Associated with Gut Microbial Community in Men Who Have Sex with Men.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Tripartite interplay: immune reconstitution dynamics in AIDS, gut microbiota, and Helicobacter pylori infection: current advances and therapeutic prospects.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- HIV, Inflammation, and Immunometabolism: A Model of the Inflammatory Theory of Disease.Viruses · 2025Review
- It's all in the gut: the central role of the gut and microbiome in preventing disease progression in simian immunodeficiency viruses infected African nonhuman primates.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- Multi-omics dissection of metabolic dysregulation associated with immune recovery in people living with HIV-1.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Effects of alcohol on the composition and metabolism of the intestinal microbiota among people with HIV: A cross-sectional study.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Inflammation in HIV and Its Impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of HIV-immunologic non-responses and research trends based on gut microbiota.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Pharmacological and Behavioral Interventions to Mitigate Premature Aging in Patients with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- T cell activation is insufficient to drive SIV disease progression.JCI insight · 2023Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV infection results in damage to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, microbial translocation and immune activation. These are not completely normalized with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Moreover, increate morbidity and mortality of cART-treated HIV-infected individuals is associated with inflammation.
methodsIn order to enhance GI tract immunity, we recruited and treated 20 HIV-infected humans with cART supplemented with probiotics and followed inflammation and immunological parameters (clinical trial number NCT02164344). 11 HIV seronegative subjects were included as control group. The enumeration of CD4+, CD8+, CD38+ and HLA-DR+ lymphocytes were evaluated on peripheral blood; HIV-RNA levels, sCD14, d-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP) high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), IL-6 and Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP) were assayed on plasma.
resultsWe observe that cART does not normalize the levels of immune activation in HIV positive patients anyway inflammation and markers of microbial translocation were significantly reduced with probiotic supplementation. Patients show a clear and statistically significant reduction in the levels of immune activation on CD4 T-lymphocytes, for both markers CD38 and HLA-DR and their simultaneous expression, LBP and hsCRP plasma levels after probiotic diet supplementation settling to values comparable to controls.
conclusionsSupplementing cART with probiotics in HIV-infected individuals may improve GI tract immunity and there by mitigate inflammatory sequelae, ultimately improving prognosis.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02164344.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.