Observational studyMedicine2015
Association of Extrarenal Adverse Effects of Posttransplant Immunosuppression With Sex and ABCB1 Haplotypes.
Observational study in Medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacogenetics of Mycophenolic Acid in Patients of African Descent: Underrepresentation of African Data.Clinical and translational science · 2026Review
- Post-Transplant Tremor: Characteristics and Differences Based on Sex and Post-Transplant Therapy.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Article
- Influence of genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetics and treatment response of mycophenolic acid: a scoping review.Pharmacogenomics · 2024Article
- Genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1 are correlated with the increased risk of atorvastatin-induced muscle side effects: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Age associations with tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in stable Black and White kidney transplant recipients: Implications for health inequities.Clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Utility of salivary mycophenolic acid concentration monitoring: Modeling and Monte Carlo validation approach.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2022Article
- Race and sex associations with tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in stable kidney transplant recipients.Pharmacotherapy · 2022Article
- Association of ABCC2 Haplotypes to Mycophenolic Acid Pharmacokinetics in Stable Kidney Transplant Recipients.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Beyond Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms:Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Influence of Calcineurin Inhibitor and Sex on Mycophenolic Acid Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects Post-Renal Transplant.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Article
- The impact of tacrolimus exposure on extrarenal adverse effects in adult renal transplant recipients.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Observational
- Tacrolimus Population Pharmacokinetics and Multiple CYP3A5 Genotypes in Black and White Renal Transplant Recipients.Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Extrarenal adverse effects (AEs) associated with calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) and mycophenolic acid (MPA) occur frequently but are unpredictable posttransplant complications. AEs may result from intracellular CNI accumulation and low activity of P-glycoprotein, encoded by the ABCB1 gene. Since ABCB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and sex influence P-glycoprotein, we investigated haplotypes and extrarenal AEs. A prospective, cross-sectional study evaluated 149 patients receiving tacrolimus and enteric coated mycophenolate sodium or cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil. Immunosuppressive AE assessment determined individual and composite gastrointestinal, neurologic, aesthetic, and cumulative AEs. Lipids were quantitated after 12-hour fast. ABCB1 SNPs: c.1236C>T (rs1128503), c.2677G>T/A (rs2032582), and c.3435C>T (rs1045642) were determined with haplotype associations computed using the THESIAS program, and evaluated by immunosuppression, sex and race using multivariate general linear models. Tacrolimus patients exhibited more frequent and higher gastrointestinal AE scores compared with cyclosporine with association to CTT (P = 0.018) and sex (P = 0.01). Aesthetic AE score was 3 times greater for cyclosporine with TTC haplotype (P = 0.005). Females had higher gastrointestinal (P = 0.022), aesthetic (P < 0.001), neurologic (P = 0.022), and cumulative AE ratios (P < 0.001). Total cholesterol (TCHOL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and triglycerides were higher with cyclosporine. The TTC haplotype had higher TCHOL (P < 0.001) and LDL (P = 0.005). Higher triglyceride (P = 0.034) and lower high-density lipoproteins (P = 0.057) were associated with TTT with sex-adjusted analysis. ABCB1 haplotypes and sex were associated with extrarenal AEs. Using haplotypes, certain female patients manifested more AEs regardless of CNI. Haplotype testing may identify patients with greater susceptibility to AEs and facilitate CNI individualization.
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