ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2015
Exogenous DNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles via Electroporation is Size-Dependent and Enables Limited Gene Delivery.
Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 225 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
225 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 393 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles: powerful candidates in nano-drug delivery systems.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Pooled it
- Sequential-RSC pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Adipose-cartilage communication via EV-Mito-mtDNA signaling promotes osteoarthritis progression.Science advances · 2026Article
- Article
- EV-LYSG101: Extracellular Vesicles Loaded With Lysin LYSG101 for Potent Anti-Staphylococcal Activity.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Matrix-Bound Nanovesicles as Tissue-Specific Signaling Hubs for Immunomodulation and Precision Regenerative Medicine.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles as multifunctional defense systems: Roles in immune evasion, phage interactions, and antimicrobial resistance.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Plant-Derived Exosomes Deliver Theranostic Molecules to Target Cells.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A review of recent advances in exosome-mediated drug delivery for regenerative therapy and immunomodulation.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Bifidobacterium bifidum-derived nanoparticles attenuate alcoholic liver disease via enhanced hepatic phagocytosis and gastrointestinal homeostasis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The Status of Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Carriers and Therapeutics.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2026Article
- Biomaterial-assisted gene therapy for bone repair.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- CD3ɛ Nanobody-Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Driving In Vivo Generation of TCE-secreting CAR-Ts for Solid Tumor Therapy With Memory Response and Minimal Immunogenicity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Hydrogel-extracellular vesicle engineering delivery system: a promising therapeutic strategy for wound healing.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Unraveling the Heterogeneity of Cargo Distribution in the Exogenous Association of Proteins With Extracellular Vesicles.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers and Non-Surgical Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Selective DNA encapsulation in extracellular vesicles ofExtracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles in viral disease management.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- 80 years of extracellular vesicles: from discovery to clinical translation.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
165 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold immense promise for utilization as biotherapeutics and drug delivery vehicles due to their nature as biological nanoparticles that facilitate intercellular molecular transport. Specifically, EVs have been identified as natural carriers of nucleic acids, sparking interest in their use for gene therapy and RNA interference applications. So far, small RNAs (siRNA and miRNA) have been successfully loaded into EVs for a variety of delivery applications, but the potential use of EVs for DNA delivery has scarcely been explored. Here, we report that exogenous linear DNA can be associated with EVs via electroporation in quantities sufficient to yield an average of hundreds of DNA molecules per vesicle. We determined that loading efficiency and capacity of DNA in EVs is dependent on DNA size, with linear DNA molecules less than 1000 bp in length being more efficiently associated with EVs compared to larger linear DNAs and plasmid DNAs using this approach. We further showed that EV size is also determinant with regard to DNA loading, as larger microvesicles encapsulated more linear and plasmid DNA than smaller, exosome-like EVs. Additionally, we confirmed the ability of EVs to transfer foreign DNA loaded via electroporation into recipient cells, although functional gene delivery was not observed. These results establish critical parameters that inform the potential use of EVs for gene therapy and, in agreement with other recent results, suggest that substantial barriers must be overcome to establish EVs as broadly applicable DNA delivery vehicles.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.