ArticleOncotarget2015
RKIP regulates CCL5 expression to inhibit breast cancer invasion and metastasis by controlling macrophage infiltration.
Article in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- The YYR (YY1- RKIP) Regulatory Axis in the pathogenesis of Cancer and Immune Evasion.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- RKIP overexpression reduces lung adenocarcinoma aggressiveness and sensitizes cells to EGFR-targeted therapies.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Pan-Cancer Computational Analysis of RKIP (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Circulating RKIP and pRKIP in Early-Stage Lung Cancer: Results from a Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Exploiting innate immunity for cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Cross-Talks between RKIP and YY1 through a Multilevel Bioinformatics Pan-Cancer Analysis.Cancers · 2023Article
- Changes in Expression of Tumor Suppressor Gene RKIP Impact How Cancers Interact with Their Complex Environment.Cancers · 2023Review
- Single-cell landscape of immunocytes in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- CCL5 Deficiency Enhanced Cryo-Thermal-Triggered Long-Term Anti-Tumor Immunity in 4T1 Murine Breast Cancer.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Review
- Roles of tumor-associated macrophages in tumor progression: implications on therapeutic strategies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2021Review
- The RhoA dependent anti-metastatic function of RKIP in breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Tumor Associated Macrophages: Origin, Recruitment, Phenotypic Diversity, and Targeting.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- [MiR-4443 promotes migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by inhibiting PEBP1 expression].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2020Article
- CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of Receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, and CCR10 Ligands.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Hypoxia Alters the Expression of CC Chemokines and CC Chemokine Receptors in a Tumor-A Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in Neoplastic Processes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- LncRNA GATA6-AS1 Inhibits the Progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer via Repressing microRNA-543 to Up-Regulating RKIP.Cancer management and research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that presence of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment add to the invasive and tumor-promoting hallmarks of cancer cells by secreting angiogenic and growth factors. RKIP is a known metastasis suppressor and interferes with several steps of metastasis. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of its function as a broad metastasis suppressor remain poorly understood. Here, we establish a novel pathway for RKIP regulation of metastasis inhibition through the negative regulation of RANTES/CCL5 thereby limiting tumor macrophage infiltration and inhibition of angiogenesis. Using a combination of loss- and gain-of- function approaches, we show that RKIP hinders breast cancer cell invasion by inhibiting expression of the CC chemokine CCL5 in vitro. We also show that the expression levels of RKIP and CCL5 are inversely correlated among clinical human breast cancer samples. Using a mouse allograft breast cancer transplantation model, we highlight that ectopic expression of RKIP significantly decreases tumor vasculature, macrophage infiltration and lung metastases. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that the inhibition of the CCL5 expression is the cause of the observed effects resulting from RKIP expression. Taken together, our results underscore the significance of RKIP as important negative regulator of tumor microenvironment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.