Trial reportOncotarget2015
Double autophagy modulators reduce 2-deoxyglucose uptake in sarcoma patients.
Trial report in Oncotarget, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanism of enhancing chemotherapy efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with paricalcitol and hydroxychloroquine.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- The Expendables: Overlooked Medications with Anti-Cancer Properties.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- The dual role of autophagy in cancer stem cells: implications for tumor progression and therapy resistance.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Oral Carbon Monoxide Enhances Autophagy Modulation in Prostate, Pancreatic, and Lung Cancers.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Oral Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs with Antineoplastic Potential: a Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2022Review
- Targeting autophagy in disease: established and new strategies.Autophagy · 2022Article
- Understanding the Role of Autophagy in Cancer Formation and Progression Is a Real Opportunity to Treat and Cure Human Cancers.Cancers · 2021Review
- Overcoming cancer therapeutic bottleneck by drug repurposing.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2020Review
- Autophagy in cancer: moving from understanding mechanism to improving therapy responses in patients.Cell death and differentiation · 2020Review
- Measuring biological aging in humans: A quest.Aging cell · 2020Review
- Multiple Facets of Autophagy and the Emerging Role of Alkylphosphocholines as Autophagy Modulators.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Review
- The multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer and the microenvironment.Medicinal research reviews · 2019Review
- Mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors: successes and challenges as cancer therapeutics.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2019Review
- Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance tumorTheranostics · 2018Article
- Targeting autophagy in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2017Review
- Sirolimus and Autophagy Inhibition in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: Results of a Phase I Clinical Trial.Chest · 2017Article
- Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)-chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as anti-cancer agents.Ecancermedicalscience · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleAccording to the metabolic symbiosis model, cancer stromal fibroblasts could be hijacked by surrounding cancer cells into a state of autophagy with aerobic glycolysis to help provide recycled nutrients. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether combined treatment with the autophagy inhibitor: hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and the autophagy inducer: sirolimus (rapamycin, Rapa) would reduce glucose utilization in sarcoma patients.
methodsTen sarcoma patients who failed first-line treatment were enrolled in this study. They were treated with 1 mg of Rapa and 200 mg of HCQ twice daily for two weeks. The standardized uptake values (SUV) from pretreatment and posttreatment [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) scans were reviewed, and changes from the baseline SUVmax were evaluated.
resultsBased on FDG PET response criteria, six patients had a partial response; three had stable disease, and one had progressive disease. Nevertheless, none of them showed a reduction in tumor volume. The mean SUVmax reduction in the 34 lesions evaluated was - 19.6% (95% CI = -30.1% to -9.1%), while the mean volume change was +16.4% (95% CI = +5.8% to + 27%). Only grade 1 toxicities were observed. Elevated serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase were detected after treatment in most metabolic responders.
conclusionsThe results of reduced SUVmax without tumor volume reduction after two weeks of Rapa and HCQ treatment may indicate that non-proliferative glycolysis occurred mainly in the cancer associated fibroblast compartment, and decreased glycolytic activity was evident from Rapa + HCQ double autophagy modulator treatment.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.