ArticlePLoS biology2015
Extremely High Mutation Rate of HIV-1 In Vivo.
Article in PLoS biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 234 papers.
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Who cites it
234 citing papers in PubMed, 389 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 variants with reduced infectivity and varied sensitivity to the BNT162b2 vaccine are developed during the course of infection.PLoS pathogens · 2022Trial
- Deconvolution of HIV-1 Mutational Signatures Reveals Dominant and Donor-Specific APOBEC3-Associated Mutagenesis Across Anatomical Compartments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Chromosomal instability in cancer: sources, consequences and new therapeutic opportunities.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Design of an immunogen containing multidimensionally conserved and immunogenic parts of the HIV proteome.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Enlarging viral mutation estimation: a view from the distribution of mutation rates.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
- ViraLite: an ultracompact HIV viral load self-testing system with internal quality control.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Article
- Identifying Conserved Regions in HIV-1 Proteins by Entropy Analysis of Sequence Variability.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- HIV envelope pseudotyped virus- an indispensable tool in HIV research.Virus research · 2026Review
- Cell-free RNA reveals host and microbial correlates of broadly neutralizing antibody development against HIV.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- QoALa: A comprehensive workflow for viral quasispecies diversity comparison using long-read sequencing data.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Article
- CRISPR Applications in HIV Management - Prevention, Diagnosis, Monitoring and Treatment.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Getting to the root of HIV transmitted founder virus sequences.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Comparing CD8+ T cell ENV epitopes of two HLA class I alleles associated with different outcomes of HIV-1 infection with broadly neutralizing antibodies epitope targets discovered to date.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Darwinian model for the evolution of drug resistance to long-acting PrEP during an early HIV infection.PloS one · 2026Article
- Phylogenetics and molecular evolution to understand and curb the HIV pandemic.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Long-read reconstruction of many diverse haplotypes with devider.Genome research · 2025Article
- Age-Associated Expansion of HIV/SIV Reservoirs in People With HIV and SIV-Infected Macaques.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Exploring evolutionary trajectories of drug resistance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
174 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rates of spontaneous mutation critically determine the genetic diversity and evolution of RNA viruses. Although these rates have been characterized in vitro and in cell culture models, they have seldom been determined in vivo for human viruses. Here, we use the intrapatient frequency of premature stop codons to quantify the HIV-1 genome-wide rate of spontaneous mutation in DNA sequences from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This reveals an extremely high mutation rate of (4.1 ± 1.7) × 10-3 per base per cell, the highest reported for any biological entity. Sequencing of plasma-derived sequences yielded a mutation frequency 44 times lower, indicating that a large fraction of viral genomes are lethally mutated and fail to reach plasma. We show that the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase contributes only 2% of mutations, whereas 98% result from editing by host cytidine deaminases of the A3 family. Hypermutated viral sequences are less abundant in patients showing rapid disease progression compared to normal progressors, highlighting the antiviral role of A3 proteins. However, the amount of A3-mediated editing varies broadly, and we find that low-edited sequences are more abundant among rapid progressors, suggesting that suboptimal A3 activity might enhance HIV-1 genetic diversity and pathogenesis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.