ArticlePloS one2015
Survey of Ixodes pacificus Ticks in California Reveals a Diversity of Microorganisms and a Novel and Widespread Anaplasmataceae Species.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Surveillance Reveals Diverse Tick-Borne Pathogens in Northern California.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Postmortem evidence of Babesia and Bartonella infections in chronically ill suicidal young people.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Tick-associated microorganisms (Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Article
- Transcriptomic detection of Candidatus Allocryptoplasma (Anaplasmataceae) in Galápagos marine iguanas (Amblyrhynchus cristatus, Iguanidae).Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Arthropod-borne pathogens in European bisonInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Rickettsia species phylotype G022 and Rickettsia tillamookensis in Ixodes pacificus nymphs and adults from Northern California.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Investigating the prevalence of three medically important pathogens inFrontiers in parasitology · 2025Article
- Detection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia bacteria in humans, wildlife, and ticks in the Amazon rainforest.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Novel Tick-Borne Anaplasmataceae Genotypes in Tropical Birds from the Brazilian Pantanal Wetland.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- History of the geographic distribution of the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus, in the United States.Ticks and tick-borne diseases · 2024Review
- Article
- HumanPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Diversity and phylogeny of the tick-borne bacterial genus Candidatus Allocryptoplasma (Anaplasmataceae).Parasite (Paris, France) · 2023Article
- Large-Scale Sequencing ofGenes · 2022Review
- Ecology ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Co-existence of MultipleFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Detection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Species-Level Profiling ofGenetic testing and molecular biomarkers · 2021Article
- Detection ofDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Role of reptiles and associated arthropods in the epidemiology of rickettsioses: A one health paradigm.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ixodes pacificus ticks can harbor a wide range of human and animal pathogens. To survey the prevalence of tick-borne known and putative pathogens, we tested 982 individual adult and nymphal I. pacificus ticks collected throughout California between 2007 and 2009 using a broad-range PCR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) assay designed to detect a wide range of tick-borne microorganisms. Overall, 1.4% of the ticks were found to be infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, 2.0% were infected with Borrelia miyamotoi and 0.3% were infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. In addition, 3.0% were infected with Babesia odocoilei. About 1.2% of the ticks were co-infected with more than one pathogen or putative pathogen. In addition, we identified a novel Anaplasmataceae species that we characterized by sequencing of its 16S rRNA, groEL, gltA, and rpoB genes. Sequence analysis indicated that this organism is phylogenetically distinct from known Anaplasma species with its closest genetic near neighbors coming from Asia. The prevalence of this novel Anaplasmataceae species was as high as 21% at one site, and it was detected in 4.9% of ticks tested statewide. Based upon this genetic characterization we propose that this organism be called 'Candidatus Cryptoplasma californiense'. Knowledge of this novel microbe will provide awareness for the community about the breadth of the I. pacificus microbiome, the concept that this bacterium could be more widely spread; and an opportunity to explore whether this bacterium also contributes to human or animal disease burden.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.