Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26375008›Full record

ArticleNature2015

The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015.

S Bhatt, D J Weiss, E Cameron, D Bisanzio, B Mappin, U Dalrymple, K Battle, C L Moyes, A Henry, P A Eckhoff and 17 more

5 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,804 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,804citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
234.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04149119 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Attractive Targeted Sugar Bait Phase III Trial in Mali

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Clinical Research Center, MaliRan2022 to 2024Enrolled2,100ConditionsVector TransmissionArmsAttractive Target Sugar Baits (ATSB)
NCT04157894 completednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Estimating the Malaria Prevention Impact of New Nets: Observational Analyses to Evaluate the Evidence Generated During Piloted New Net Distributions in Burkina Faso

TypeobservationalSponsorPATHRan2019 to 2022Enrolled5,606ConditionsMalariaArmsStandard long-lasting insecticidal net, Chlorfenapyr insecticide treated net, Piperonyl butoxide long-lasting insecticidal net
NCT04230161 completednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Estimating the Malaria Prevention Impact of New Nets: Observational Analyses to Evaluate the Evidence Generated During Piloted New Net Distributions in Rwanda

TypeobservationalSponsorPATHRan2020 to 2022Enrolled3,502ConditionsMalariaArmsStandard long-lasting insecticidal net, Chlorfenapyr insecticide treated net, Indoor residual spraying
NCT04716387 completednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Estimating the Malaria Prevention Impact of New Nets: Observational Analyses to Evaluate the Evidence Generated During Piloted New Net Distributions in Mozambique

TypeobservationalSponsorPATHRan2020 to 2022Enrolled8,726ConditionsMalariaArmsStandard LLIN, Piperonyl butoxide ITN, Pyriproxyfen ITN, Chlorfenapyr ITN
NCT05736679 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

EaveTubes for Control of Vector Borne Diseases in Côte d'Ivoire

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Notre DameRan2023 to 2025Enrolled1,870ConditionsMalariaArmsIn2Care EaveTube
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,804 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3,516 citations in OpenAlex.

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1,744 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors at 13 institutions in 3 countries.

S Bhatt *Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
D J Weiss *Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
E Cameron *Spatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
D BisanzioSpatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
B MappinSpatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
U DalrympleSpatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
K BattleSpatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
C L MoyesSpatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
A HenrySpatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
P A EckhoffInstitute for Disease Modeling, Intellectual Ventures, 1555 132nd Ave NE, Bellevue, WA 98005, USA.
E A WengerInstitute for Disease Modeling, Intellectual Ventures, 1555 132nd Ave NE, Bellevue, WA 98005, USA.
O BriëtEpidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. BOX 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
M A PennyEpidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. BOX 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
T A SmithEpidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, P.O. BOX 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
A BennettMalaria Elimination Initiative, University of California San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, San Francisco, USA.
J YukichCenter for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200 New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
T P EiseleCenter for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, Suite 2200 New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
J T GriffinMRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
C A FergusGlobal Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
M LynchGlobal Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
F LindgrenDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
J M CohenClinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, MA, USA.
C L J MurrayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
D L SmithSpatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
S I HayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2301 Fifth Ave., Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98121, USA.
R E CibulskisGlobal Malaria Programme, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
P W GethingSpatial Ecology and Epidemiology Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
University of Oxford · GBSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute · CHWorld Health Organization · CHTulane University · USClinton Health Access Initiative · USImperial College London · GBInstitute for Disease Modeling · USInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation · USIntellectual Ventures (United States) · USSanaria · USUniversity of Bath · GBUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

Medical Research Council G1002284Medical Research Council MR/K00669X/1Wellcome Trust 095066World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Since the year 2000, a concerted campaign against malaria has led to unprecedented levels of intervention coverage across sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the effect of this control effort is vital to inform future control planning. However, the effect of malaria interventions across the varied epidemiological settings of Africa remains poorly understood owing to the absence of reliable surveillance data and the simplistic approaches underlying current disease estimates. Here we link a large database of malaria field surveys with detailed reconstructions of changing intervention coverage to directly evaluate trends from 2000 to 2015, and quantify the attributable effect of malaria disease control efforts. We found that Plasmodium falciparum infection prevalence in endemic Africa halved and the incidence of clinical disease fell by 40% between 2000 and 2015. We estimate that interventions have averted 663 (542-753 credible interval) million clinical cases since 2000. Insecticide-treated nets, the most widespread intervention, were by far the largest contributor (68% of cases averted). Although still below target levels, current malaria interventions have substantially reduced malaria disease incidence across the continent. Increasing access to these interventions, and maintaining their effectiveness in the face of insecticide and drug resistance, should form a cornerstone of post-2015 control strategies.

Indexed as

AfricaAnimalsAntimalarialsChildChild, PreschoolDatabases, FactualDrug ResistanceEndemic DiseasesHumansIncidenceInsecticidesInsecticide-Treated BednetsMalaria, FalciparumPlasmodium falciparumPrevalenceRisk AssessmentAntimalarialsInsecticides

Identifiers

PMID26375008
PMCPMC4820050
OpenAlexW1729017034

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.