Trial reportObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2015
Relationship of insulin dynamics to body composition and resting energy expenditure following weight loss.
Trial report in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Do Lower-Carbohydrate Diets Increase Total Energy Expenditure? An Updated and Reanalyzed Meta-Analysis of 29 Controlled-Feeding Studies.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Adaptive Thermogenesis After Hypocaloric Low-Carbohydrate Versus Low-Fat Diets in African American Women: A Secondary Analysis.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Trial
- The impact of a low-carbohydrate (vs. low-fat) diet on fat mass loss in African American women is modulated by insulin sensitivity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Trial
- Diets Varying in Carbohydrate Content Differentially Alter Brain Activity in Homeostatic and Reward Regions in Adults.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Trial
- Effects of a low carbohydrate diet on energy expenditure during weight loss maintenance: randomized trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Trial
- A Ketogenic Diet Reduces Central Obesity and Serum Insulin in Women with Ovarian or Endometrial Cancer.The Journal of nutrition · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Association of Insulin Resistance and Insulin Secretion Indices and Glucose Metrics From Continuous Glucose Monitoring in People With Obesity.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Changes in Trunk, but Not Limb, Lean Body Mass Contribute to Variability in Metabolic Adaptation Following Weight Loss.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- Nutritional Considerations During Major Weight Loss Therapy: Focus on Optimal Protein and a Low-Carbohydrate Dietary Pattern.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Physiologic Adaptation to Macronutrient Change Distorts Findings from Short Dietary Trials: Reanalysis of a Metabolic Ward Study.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Progression to Obesity: Variations in Patterns of Metabolic Fluxes, Fat Accumulation, and Gastrointestinal Responses.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Stimulated Insulin Secretion Predicts Changes in Body Composition Following Weight Loss in Adults with High BMI.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Benefits of Low Carbohydrate Diets: a Settled Question or Still Controversial?Current obesity reports · 2021Review
- Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Content on Circulating Metabolic Fuel Availability in the Postprandial State.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2020Article
- Review
- Impact of calorie restriction on energy metabolism in humans.Experimental gerontology · 2020Review
- The carbohydrate-insulin model does not explain the impact of varying dietary macronutrients on the body weight and adiposity of mice.Molecular metabolism · 2020Article
- Methodologic considerations for measuring energy expenditure differences between diets varying in carbohydrate using the doubly labeled water method.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine associations of baseline insulin dynamics with changes in body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) following weight loss.
methodsTwenty-one participants with overweight or obesity achieved 10-15% weight loss and then received 3 weight loss maintenance diets (high-carbohydrate, moderate-carbohydrate, and low-carbohydrate) in random order, each for 4 weeks. Body composition was measured at baseline and after weight loss. Insulin 30 min after glucose consumption (insulin-30; insulin response), C-peptide deconvolution analysis, HOMA, hepatic insulin sensitivity (IS), and REE were assessed at baseline and after each maintenance diet.
resultsInsulin-30, but not maximal insulin secretion, hepatic IS, or HOMA, predicted changes in fat mass (standardized β = 0.385, 1.7 kg difference between 10th and 90th centile of insulin-30, P = 0.04) after weight loss. Insulin-30 (β = -0.341, -312 kcal day(-1) , P = 0.008), maximal insulin secretion (β = -0.216, -95 kcal day(-1) , P = 0.0002), HOMA (β = -0.394, -350 kcal day(-1) , P = 0.002), and hepatic IS (β = 0.217, 225 kcal day(-1) , P = 0.0003) predicted change in REE during weight loss maintenance, independent of changes in body composition. The inverse relationship between insulin-30 and REE was substantially attenuated when the low-carbohydrate diet was consumed first.
conclusionsThese findings distinguish a novel phenotype, characterized by high insulin response, at risk for weight regain, and identify a dietary approach to ameliorate this risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.