ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2016
Variability of Metal Levels in Spot, First Morning, and 24-Hour Urine Samples over a 3-Month Period in Healthy Adult Chinese Men.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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33 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Urinary Metal Levels and Coronary Artery Calcification: Longitudinal Evidence in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Reliability of low mass toenail samples as biomarkers of chronic metal exposure.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Article
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- Diurnal variability in urinary volatile organic compound metabolites and its association with oxidative stress biomarkers.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
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- Exposure to 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol and risk of thyroid cancer: a case-control study in China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Variability of Urinary Creatinine in Healthy Individuals.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Prenatal metal mixtures and child blood pressure in the Rhea mother-child cohort in Greece.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2021Article
- Prenatal Metal Mixtures and Birth Weight for Gestational Age in a Predominately Lower-Income Hispanic Pregnancy Cohort in Los Angeles.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Variability in urinary neonicotinoid concentrations in single-spot and first-morning void and its association with oxidative stress markers.Environment international · 2020Article
- Challenges Associated With the Design and Deployment of Food Intake Urine Biomarker Technology for Assessment of Habitual Diet in Free-Living Individuals and Populations-A Perspective.Frontiers in nutrition · 2020Article
- Temporal variability in urinary pesticide concentrations in repeated-spot and first-morning-void samples and its association with oxidative stress in healthy individuals.Environment international · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMetals in single spot urine samples are often used to estimate individual exposure in human studies. However, measurements in urine could vary greatly over time due to variable exposure, potentially leading to exposure misclassification.
objectiveWe examined the variability of metal levels in the urine of 11 men who provided 529 samples on 8 days during a 3-month period, which corresponds to the duration of spermatogenesis.
methodThe urinary levels of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), molybdenum (Mo), and nickel (Ni) were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. We calculated the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to assess the reproducibility of metal measures and computed the sensitivity and specificity to evaluate how well spot urine samples determined the individuals' 3-month average exposure.
resultsFair to good reproducibility was observed for the serial measurements of Cd (ICC = 0.53) in spot samples collected during the 3-month period, whereas the serial measurements of As, Co, Cu, Pb, Mo, and Ni showed poor reproducibility (ICCs = 0.01-0.29). Use of single spot urine samples to classify the high (top 33%) 3-month average metal levels had uniformly high specificities (0.70-0.84) but relatively low sensitivities (0.40-0.57), except for Cd (0.77). The minimum number of specimens (k) required to estimate the participant-specific mean for the seven metals within 20% of the "true" values ranged from 3 for Cd to 27 for Ni.
conclusionsThe high variability observed in the urinary levels of As, Co, Cu, Pb, Mo, and Ni suggests that a single measurement provides only a brief snapshot in time of the exposure levels of an individual, which can result in a moderate degree of exposure misclassification. CITATION: Wang YX, Feng W, Zeng Q, Sun Y, Wang P, You L, Yang P, Huang Z, Yu SL, Lu WQ. 2016. Variability of metal levels in spot, first morning, and 24-hour urine samples over a 3-month period in healthy adult Chinese men. Environ Health Perspect 124:468-476; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409551.
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