ArticlePediatrics2015
Interpregnancy Interval and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders.
Article in Pediatrics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Presymptomatic Biological, Structural, and Functional Diagnostic Biomarkers of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Association between interpregnancy interval and risk of autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Early Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Scales Correlates With Positive M-CHAT Screening in 24-Month-Old Infants.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Article
- The emerging role of gene therapy in autism spectrum disorder.Discover mental health · 2026Review
- Interpregnancy Interval After Healthy Live Birth and Subsequent Spontaneous Abortion.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- A case-control study on pre-, peri-, and neonatal risk factors associated with autism spectrum disorder among Armenian children.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Interpregnancy interval and early infant neurodevelopment: the role of maternal-fetal glucose metabolism.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Korean Clinical Guideline for Autism Spectrum Disorder - Clinical Features, Course, Epidemiology, and Cause.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2024Article
- Environmental Risk Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Reliability and agreement of the timed up and go test in children and teenagers with autism spectrum disorder.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances, Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction, and Child Autism Spectrum Disorder.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Review
- Immune Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder: What Do We Know about It?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Increased Risk of ADHD at Short and Long Interpregnancy Intervals in a National Birth Cohort.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2021Article
- Associations between interpregnancy interval and preterm birth by previous preterm birth status in four high-income countries: a cohort study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2021Article
- Inter-pregnancy interval and long-term neurological morbidity of the offspring.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2021Article
- Association Between Midpregnancy Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels and Offspring Autism Spectrum Disorder in a California Population-Based Case-Control Study.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- Provider Counseling and Women's Family Planning Decisions in the Postpartum Period.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2020Article
- Autism spectrum disorders: let's talk about glucose?Translational psychiatry · 2019Review
- Use of Chronic Care Management Codes for Medicare Beneficiaries: a Missed Opportunity?Journal of general internal medicine · 2018Observational
- A Prospective Study of Environmental Exposures and Early Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Design, Protocols, and Preliminary Data from the MARBLES Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether subsequent births after short and long interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) are associated with risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
methodWe assessed the association between IPI and ASD risk in a cohort of 45 261 children born at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) between 2000 and 2009. Children with ASD were identified from International Classification of Diseases, Revision 9 diagnostic codes 299.0, 299.8, and 299.9 recorded in KPNC electronic medical records. IPI was defined as the time from the birth of the first child to the conception of the second child. Survival analysis and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between IPI and risk of ASD in second-born children.
resultsChildren born after an IPI of <12 months or ≥72 months had a 2- to 3-fold increased ASD risk compared with children born after an interval of 36 to 47 months. Respective adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were as follows: <6 months, 3.0 (1.9-4.7); 6 to 8 months, 2.1 (1.4-3.3); 9 to 11 months, 1.9 (1.3-2.1); 12 to 23 months, 1.5 (1.1-2.1); and ≥72 months, 2.4 (1.5-3.7). The results are not explained by maternal BMI or change in BMI between pregnancies or by parental age, maternal antidepressant medication use, or unfavorable events occurring during the first or second pregnancy.
conclusionsChildren born after interpregnancy intervals <2 years or >6 years may be at increased risk of ASD. The mechanism explaining this association is unknown, and more research is needed.
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Registered trials
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