ReviewGenes2015
Ecology and Evolution of the Human Microbiota: Fire, Farming and Antibiotics.
Review in Genes, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The performance gut: a key to optimizing performance in high-level athletes: a systematic scoping review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Pooled it
- From Cure to Crisis: Understanding the Evolution of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria in Human Microbiota.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The rapid emergence of antifungal-resistant human-pathogenic fungi.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Viral Infection in Esophageal, Gastric, and Colorectal Cancer.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The different trends in the burden of neurological and mental disorders following dietary transition in China, the USA, and the world: An extension analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Three faces of biofilms: a microbial lifestyle, a nascent multicellular organism, and an incubator for diversity.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2021Review
- Influence of Human Eating Habits on Antimicrobial Resistance Phenomenon: Aspects of Clinical Resistome of Gut Microbiota in Omnivores, Ovolactovegetarians, and Strict Vegetarians.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Comprehensive genome analyses ofMicrobial genomics · 2020Article
- Viruses in Cancers of the Digestive System: Active Contributors or Idle Bystanders?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Defining the oral microbiome by whole-genome sequencing and resistome analysis: the complexity of the healthy picture.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Factors Obscuring the Role ofInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Review: modulation of the oral microbiome by the host to promote ecological balance.Odontology · 2019Review
- Global change microbiology - big questions about small life for our future.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2019Article
- Thermal processing of food reduces gut microbiota diversity of the host and triggers adaptation of the microbiota: evidence from two vertebrates.Microbiome · 2018Article
- The analysis of the oral DNA virome reveals which viruses are widespread and rare among healthy young adults in Valencia (Spain).PloS one · 2018Article
- Discovery of the fourth mobile sulfonamide resistance gene.Microbiome · 2017Article
- High Throughput Sequencing for Detection of Foodborne Pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- The oral microbiome - an update for oral healthcare professionals.British dental journal · 2016Article
- Reflections from Infection Prevention 2015: beating the bugs, improving the systems and thinking outside the box.Journal of infection prevention · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human activities significantly affect all ecosystems on the planet, including the assemblages that comprise our own microbiota. Over the last five million years, various evolutionary and ecological drivers have altered the composition of the human microbiota, including the use of fire, the invention of agriculture, and the increasing availability of processed foods after the Industrial Revolution. However, no factor has had a faster or more direct effect than antimicrobial agents. Biocides, disinfectants and antibiotics select for individual cells that carry resistance genes, immediately reducing both overall microbial diversity and within-species genetic diversity. Treated individuals may never recover their original diversity, and repeated treatments lead to a series of genetic bottlenecks. The sequential introduction of diverse antimicrobial agents has selected for increasingly complex DNA elements that carry multiple resistance genes, and has fostered their spread through the human microbiota. Practices that interfere with microbial colonization, such as sanitation, Caesarian births and bottle-feeding, exacerbate the effects of antimicrobials, generating species-poor and less resilient microbial assemblages in the developed world. More and more evidence is accumulating that these perturbations to our internal ecosystems lie at the heart of many diseases whose frequency has shown a dramatic increase over the last half century.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.