ReviewNutrients2015
Seronegative Celiac Disease and Immunoglobulin Deficiency: Where to Look in the Submerged Iceberg?
Review in Nutrients, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and Histopathological Profile of Adults with Celiac Disease at Diagnosis and on a Gluten-Free Diet: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Clinics and practice · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Common Variable Immunodeficiency: A Mentored Review.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Review
- Non-Celiac Villous Atrophy-A Problem Still Underestimated.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Serum Protein Landscape in Celiac Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- From recurrent infections to ulcerative colitis: a case report on the diagnostic challenge of CVID.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Allergic and immunologic evaluation of children with celiac disease.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Beyond Infections: New Warning Signs for Inborn Errors of Immunity in Children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Different Clinical Features of Celiac Disease in Children, Adolescents, and Adults; a Cross-sectional Study.Middle East journal of digestive diseases · 2021Article
- Primary Humoral Immune Deficiencies: Overlooked Mimickers of Chronic Immune-Mediated Gastrointestinal Diseases in Adults.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Common variable immune deficiency, central diabetes insipidus, and anemia.Central-European journal of immunology · 2020Article
- Gastrointestinal findings in 26 adults with common variable immunodeficiency: The fickle nature of the disease manifests in gastrointestinal biopsies.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Gut Antibody Deficiency in a Mouse Model of CVID Results in Spontaneous Development of a Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Predictivity of Autoimmune Stigmata for Gluten Sensitivity in Subjects with Microscopic Enteritis: A Retrospective Study.Nutrients · 2018Article
- Value of routine duodenal mucosal biopsies in the evaluation of anemia in a large Australian referral centre.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2018Article
- Celiac disease is uncommon in irritable bowel syndrome in the USA.European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology · 2018Article
- The CD That Pays Dividends: More Than 15 Years of Deamidated Gliadin Peptide Antibodies.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2017Article
- Clinicopathological Study of Seronegative Celiac Disease in Adults in Pakistan: A Pilot Study.Middle East journal of digestive diseases · 2017Article
- Intraepithelial lymphocytes, scores, mimickers and challenges in diagnosing gluten-sensitive enteropathy (celiac disease).World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Review
- Role of capsule endoscopy in suspected celiac disease: A European multi-centre study.World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Observational
- Lymphocytic duodenitis or microscopic enteritis and gluten-related conditions: what needs to be explored?Annals of gastroenterology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the present narrative review, we analyzed the relationship between seronegative celiac disease (SNCD) and immunoglobulin deficiencies. For this purpose, we conducted a literature search on the main medical databases. SNCD poses a diagnostic dilemma. Villous blunting, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) count and gluten "challenge" are the most reliable markers. Immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-targeted mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) immune complexes in the intestinal mucosa of SNCD patients may be useful. In our experience, tTG-mRNA was similarly increased in seropositive celiac disease (CD) and suspected SNCD, and strongly correlated with the IELs count. This increase is found even in the IELs' range of 15-25/100 enterocytes, suggesting that there may be a "grey zone" of gluten-related disorders. An immune deregulation (severely lacking B-cell differentiation) underlies the association of SNCD with immunoglobulin deficiencies. Therefore, CD may be linked to autoimmune disorders and immune deficits (common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)/IgA selective deficiency). CVID is a heterogeneous group of antibodies dysfunction, whose association with CD is demonstrated only by the response to a gluten-free diet (GFD). We hypothesized a familial inheritance between CD and CVID. Selective IgA deficiency, commonly associated with CD, accounts for IgA-tTG seronegativity. Selective IgM deficiency (sIgMD) is rare (<300 cases) and associated to CD in 5% of cases. We diagnosed SNCD in a patient affected by sIgMD using the tTG-mRNA assay. One-year GFD induced IgM restoration. This evidence, supporting a link between SNCD and immunoglobulin deficiencies, suggests that we should take a closer look at this association.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.