ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2015
Ecology of Anti-Biofilm Agents I: Antibiotics versus Bacteriophages.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bacteriophage therapy for antimicrobial-resistant, biofilm‑associated diabetic foot infection: delivery routes, phage antibiotic synergy, and practical wound‑care integration.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Emerging synthetic biology-assisted technologies for overcoming antibiotic resistance: CRISPR-Cas, bacteriophage, microbiome, and metabolic engineering-based solutions.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- A novel broad host range phage phiA85 displays a synergistic effect with antibiotics targeting carbapenem-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Characterization and genomics of phage Henu2_3 against K1 Klebsiella pneumoniae and its efficacy in animal models.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Bovine ocular microbiome: the next frontier in managing Pinkeye in cattle.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Carmofur Exhibits Antimicrobial Activity AgainstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effective elimination of bacteria on hard surfaces by the combined use of bacteriophages and chemical disinfectants.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- The Respiratory Microbiome in Paediatric Chronic Wet Cough: What Is Known and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of Hindering Phage Therapy: The Phage Tolerance vs. Phage Resistance of Bacterial Biofilms.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effective Therapeutic Options for Melioidosis: Antibiotics versus Phage Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Alternatives Therapeutic Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics: Advantages, Limitations and Potential Application in Medicine.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Characterization and anti-biofilm activity of bacteriophages against urinary tract Enterococcus faecalis isolates.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Deconstructing the Phage-Bacterial Biofilm Interaction as a Basis to Establish New Antibiofilm Strategies.Viruses · 2022Review
- Anti-biofilm Activity of a Lytic Phage Against Vancomycin-ResistantIranian journal of pathology · 2022Article
- Improving Phage-Biofilm In Vitro Experimentation.Viruses · 2021Article
- A combination therapy of Phages and Antibiotics: Two is better than one.International journal of biological sciences · 2021Review
- Article
- Plant Viruses and Bacteriophage-Based Reagents for Diagnosis and Therapy.Annual review of virology · 2020Review
- Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- Approaches to optimize therapeutic bacteriophage and bacteriophage-derived products to combat bacterial infections.Virus genes · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacteriophages, the viruses that infect bacteria, have for decades been successfully used to combat antibiotic-resistant, chronic bacterial infections, many of which are likely biofilm associated. Antibiotics as anti-biofilm agents can, by contrast, be inefficacious against even genetically sensitive targets. Such deficiencies in usefulness may result from antibiotics, as naturally occurring compounds, not serving their producers, in nature, as stand-alone disruptors of mature biofilms. Anti-biofilm effectiveness by phages, by contrast, may result from a combination of inherent abilities to concentrate lytic antibacterial activity intracellularly via bacterial infection and extracellularly via localized population growth. Considered here is the anti-biofilm activity of microorganisms, with a case presented for why, ecologically, bacteriophages can be more efficacious than traditional antibiotics as medically or environmentally applied biofilm-disrupting agents. Four criteria, it can be argued, generally must be met, in combination, for microorganisms to eradicate biofilms: (1) Furnishing of sufficiently effective antibacterial factors, (2) intimate interaction with biofilm bacteria over extended periods, (3) associated ability to concentrate antibacterial factors in or around targets, and, ultimately, (4) a means of physically disrupting or displacing target bacteria. In nature, lytic predators of bacteria likely can meet these criteria whereas antibiotic production, in and of itself, largely may not.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.