ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2015
Surface Properties of Squalene/Meibum Films and NMR Confirmation of Squalene in Tears.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary and Formulation Potential of Natural Oils and Fats in Ocular Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Meibum Lipid Saturation Related to Dry Eye, Age, and Sex Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Biophysical Interactions of Silicon Quantum Dots With Human Tears and Dry Eye Drops: A Langmuir Trough Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Human Meibum Lipid Composition and the Severity of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Spectroscopic Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- A spectroscopic approach to measuring meibum lipid composition and conformation in donors with Sjӧgren's syndrome.Experimental eye research · 2021Article
- Evidence for Phospholipids on the Surface of Human Tears.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Changes in meibum composition following plaque bachytherapy for choroidal melanoma.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Structural Differences in Meibum From Donors After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantations.Cornea · 2019Article
- Human Meibum Cholesteryl and Wax Ester Variability With Age, Sex, and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2019Article
- Human meibum chain branching variability with age, gender and meibomian gland dysfunction.The ocular surface · 2019Article
- Ellipsometry of human tears.The ocular surface · 2019Article
- Engineering Strategies in Microorganisms for the Enhanced Production of Squalene: Advances, Challenges and Opportunities.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2019Review
- Effects of Lipid Saturation on the Surface Properties of Human Meibum Films.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Interaction of ceramides and tear lipocalin.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2018Article
- Mechanisms, imaging and structure of tear film breakup.The ocular surface · 2018Review
- Meibomian glands, meibum, and meibogenesis.Experimental eye research · 2017Review
- Surface Chemistry Interactions of Cationorm with Films by Human Meibum and Tear Film Compounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- TFOS DEWS II Tear Film Report.The ocular surface · 2017Review
- Surface properties and exponential stress relaxations of mammalian meibum films.European biophysics journal : EBJ · 2017Article
- Sebum/Meibum Surface Film Interactions and Phase Transitional Differences.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Squalene (SQ) possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities (antioxidant, drug carrier, detoxifier, hydrating, emollient) that can be of benefit to the ocular surface. It can come in contact with human meibum (hMGS; the most abundant component of the tear film lipid layer) as an endogenous tear lipid or from exogenous sources as eyelid sebum or pharmaceuticals. The aims of this study were to determine (i) if SQ is in tear lipids and (ii) its influence on the surface properties of hMGS films. Heteronuclear single quantum correlation NMR confirmed 7 mol % SQ in Schirmer's strips extracts. The properties of SQ/hMGS pseudo-binary films at the air/water interface were studied with Langmuir surface balance, stress-relaxation dilatational rheology and Brewster angle microscopy. SQ does not possess surfactant properties. When mixed with hMGS squalene (i) localized over the layers' thinner regions and (ii) did not affect the film pressure at high compression. Therefore, tear SQ is unlikely to instigate dry eye, and SQ can be used as a safe and "inert" ingredient in formulations to protect against dry eye. The layering of SQ over the thinner film regions in addition to its pharmacological properties could contribute to the protection of the ocular surface.
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