ReviewIntensive care medicine2016
Acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock: a multidisciplinary practical guidance.
Review in Intensive care medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03048032 (Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Cardiac Biomarkers and Echocardiography for Patients Hospitalized Due to Acute Dyspnea), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Cardiac Biomarkers and Echocardiography for Patients Hospitalized Due to Acute Dyspnea: Prospective Observational Multicenter Cohort Study
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 207 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanical circulatory support with Impella versus intra-aortic balloon pump or medical treatment in cardiogenic shock-a critical appraisal of current data.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2019Pooled it
- Milrinone for cardiac dysfunction in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review of randomised clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Intensive care medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Timing of IABP initiation and its impact on outcomes in acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock: insights from a bi-center retrospective study.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Observational
- An integrated overview of acute heart failure: a narrative review of pathophysiological mechanisms and contributing factors.The Egyptian heart journal : (EHJ) : official bulletin of the Egyptian Society of Cardiology · 2026Review
- Beyond 'warm and wet': refining congestion phenotypes within the Nohria-Stevenson framework in acute heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- In-Hospital Mortality of Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Study.Cureus · 2026Article
- Admission BNP as a Dominant Prognostic Signal in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Frequent Renal Dysfunction: An Exploratory Multivariable Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Early lung ultrasound for clinical risk stratification in acute coronary syndrome: a prospective cohort study.Heart and vessels · 2026Article
- Association of albumin-bilirubin grade with prognosis in ICU patients with pulmonary edema: a retrospective cohort study and a predictive model based on machine learning.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Recognition and Management in Primary and Acute Care Settings.Cureus · 2025Review
- Lung ultrasound and mortality in a cardiogenic shock population: A prospective registry-based analysis.European journal of heart failure · 2025Observational
- Lactate in Heart Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A risk prediction model for acute kidney injury following acute heart failure in an emergency department cohort in China.World journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Successful Management of a Posterior Post-Infarction Ventricular Septal Defect and Mitral Regurgitation with Delayed Surgery-A Case Report and Overview of the Literature.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- Higher vasoactive usage despite hemodynamic goals is associated with higher mortality in acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Nuts and bolts of lung ultrasound: utility, scanning techniques, protocols, and findings in common pathologies.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Review
- Mental health sequelae in survivors of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction. A population-based cohort study.Intensive care medicine · 2024Article
- Insights into the Novel Cardiac Biomarker in Acute Heart Failure: Mybp-C.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Hypertensive Emergency Team-Based Learning.Journal of education & teaching in emergency medicine · 2024Article
- The golden hour in shock management: do a lot, do it quickly.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 20 institutions in 17 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAcute heart failure (AHF) causes high burden of mortality, morbidity, and repeated hospitalizations worldwide. This guidance paper describes the tailored treatment approaches of different clinical scenarios of AHF and CS, focusing on the needs of professionals working in intensive care settings.
resultsTissue congestion and hypoperfusion are the two leading mechanisms of end-organ injury and dysfunction, which are associated with worse outcome in AHF. Diagnosis of AHF is based on clinical assessment, measurement of natriuretic peptides, and imaging modalities. Simultaneously, emphasis should be given in rapidly identifying the underlying trigger of AHF and assessing severity of AHF, as well as in recognizing end-organ injuries. Early initiation of effective treatment is associated with superior outcomes. Oxygen, diuretics, and vasodilators are the key therapies for the initial treatment of AHF. In case of respiratory distress, non-invasive ventilation with pressure support should be promptly started. In patients with severe forms of AHF with cardiogenic shock (CS), inotropes are recommended to achieve hemodynamic stability and restore tissue perfusion. In refractory CS, when hemodynamic stabilization is not achieved, the use of mechanical support with assist devices should be considered early, before the development of irreversible end-organ injuries.
conclusionA multidisciplinary approach along the entire patient journey from pre-hospital care to hospital discharge is needed to ensure early recognition, risk stratification, and the benefit of available therapies. Medical management should be planned according to the underlying mechanisms of various clinical scenarios of AHF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.