ArticleTheoretical biology & medical modelling2015
Modeling the energetic cost of cancer as a result of altered energy metabolism: implications for cachexia.
Article in Theoretical biology & medical modelling, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor-Secreted ADAMTSL4 Activates Latent TGFβ1 to Drive Cancer Cachexia.Cancer discovery · 2026Article
- Metabolic adaptations of the tumor macroenvironment and their role in cancer progression and survivorship.Genes & development · 2026Review
- Li-ginseng powder alleviates cancer cachexia in mice by regulating the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and reducing inflammation.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- A cohort study investigating differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function between prostate cancer patients and healthy controls.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Cancer cachexia: A tumor-driven disorder of whole-body homeostasis.Cancer cell · 2026Review
- Early Markers of Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Derangement in the Apc(min/+) Male Mouse.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Hepatic gluconeogenesis and PDK3 upregulation drive cancer cachexia in flies and mice.Nature metabolism · 2025Article
- Effect of Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte Count, and Platelet (HALP) Score on Survival of Patients with Metastatic Thyroid Cancer Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Cancer cachexia: multilevel metabolic dysfunction.Nature metabolism · 2024Review
- Autophagic signaling promotes systems-wide remodeling in skeletal muscle upon oncometabolic stress by D2-HG.Molecular metabolism · 2024Article
- Restoring Skeletal Muscle Health through Exercise in Breast Cancer Patients and after Receiving Chemotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- The Relationship between Liver Volume, Clinicopathological Characteristics and Survival in Patients Undergoing Resection with Curative Intent for Non-Metastatic Colonic Cancer.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2024Article
- Emerging cancer therapies: targeting physiological networks and cellular bioelectrical differences with non-thermal systemic electromagnetic fields in the human body - a comprehensive review.Frontiers in network physiology · 2024Review
- The effects of chemotherapy on resting energy expenditure, body composition, and cancer-related fatigue in women with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study.Cancer & metabolism · 2023Article
- Energy Expenditure in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers: a Scoping Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Tumor Cytokine-Induced Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Contributes to Cancer Cachexia: Insights from Full Body Single Nuclei Sequencing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Abnormal [European radiology · 2023Article
- Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Yifei-Sanjie Pill in Cancer-Related Fatigue.Journal of oncology · 2023Article
- Utilizing Computed Tomography to Analyze the Morphomic Change between Patients with Localized and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Body Composition Varies According to Cancer Stage.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCachexia affects most patients with incurable cancer. We hypothesize that in metastatic cancer the mass of the tumor as well as its level of anaerobic energy metabolism play a critical role in describing its energetic cost, which results in elevated resting energy expenditure and glucose utilization, leading to cachexia. Prior models of cancer cachexia may have underestimated the specific energetic cost of cancer as they have not taken the range of tumor mass and anaerobic energy metabolism fully into account.
methodsWe therefore modelled the energetic cost of cancer as a function of the percentage of energy the cancer produces anaerobically, based on resting energy expenditure, glucose turnover, glucose recycling, and oxygen consumption in cancer patients found in previous studies.
resultsData from two clinical studies where tumor burden was estimated and resting energy expenditure or oxygen consumption were measured lead to a broad range of estimates of tumor cost from 190 to 470 kcal/kg tumor/day. These values will vary based of the percentage of energy the cancer produces anaerobically (from 0 to 100%), which in and of itself can alter the cost over a 2 to 3-fold range. In addition to the tumor cost/kg and the degree of anaerobic metabolism, the impact on a given individual patient will depend on tumor burden, which can exceed 1 kg in advanced metastatic disease. Considering these dimensions of tumor cost we are able to produce a 2-dimensional map of potential values, with an overall range of 100-1400 kcal/day.
conclusionsQuantifying the energetic cost of cancer may benefit an understanding of the tumor's causation of cachexia. Our estimates of the range of tumor cost include values that are higher than prior estimates and suggest that in metastatic disease the tumor cost could be expected to eclipse attempts to stabilize energy balance through nutrition support or by drug therapies. Tumor mass and the percentage of anaerobic metabolism in the tumor contribute to the cost of the tumor on the body and potentially lead directly to negative energy balance and increased muscle wasting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.