ArticleJournal of hospital medicine2015
Preliminary development of an ultrabrief two-item bedside test for delirium.
Article in Journal of hospital medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05587517 (A Clinical Trial of Interventions to Support Family Surrogates of Critically Ill Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Clinical Trial of Interventions to Support Family Surrogates of Critically Ill Patients
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Can we improve delirium prevention and treatment in the emergency department? A systematic review.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Clinical performance of an ultra-brief delirium screening tool in hospitalized older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Bedside EEG for rapid diagnosis of delirium.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- From Bench to Bedside: New Frontiers in Understanding and Treating Postoperative Delirium.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Translation, Adaptation, and Criterion Validation of the Family Caregiver Assessment Tool for French-Speaking Cardiovascular Patients in Canada (FAM-CAM-Fr).The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmieres · 2025Article
- The Relationship between Delirium and Dementia.Seminars in neurology · 2024Review
- Real-World Adherence to a Delirium Screening Test Administered by Nurses and Medical Staff during Routine Patient Care.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- TAVR in Older Adults: Moving Toward a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment and Away From Chronological Age:JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Validation of a viable delirium detection test performed by nurses and physicians during routine patient care.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Risk factors, preventive interventions, overlapping symptoms, and clinical measures of delirium in elderly patients.World journal of psychiatry · 2023Review
- Delirium and Delirium Prevention in the Emergency Department.Clinics in geriatric medicine · 2023Review
- Postoperative delirium: identifying the patient at risk and altering the course: A narrative review.European journal of anaesthesiology and intensive care · 2023Review
- The Modified and Extended Hospital Elder Life Program: A remote model of care to expand delirium prevention.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2023Article
- Detecting delirium: a systematic review of ultrabrief identification instruments for hospital patients.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- Identifying Delirium in Persons With Moderate or Severe Dementia: Review of Challenges and an Illustrative Approach.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2022Review
- Article
- The relationship of acute delirium with cognitive and psychiatric symptoms after stroke: a longitudinal study.BMC neurology · 2022Article
- Comparison of delirium detection tools in acute care : A rapid review.Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDelirium is common, morbid, and costly, yet is greatly under-recognized among hospitalized older adults.
objectiveTo identify the best single and pair of mental status test items that predict the presence of delirium. DESIGN,
settingDiagnostic test evaluation study that enrolled medicine inpatients aged 75 years or older at an academic medical center.
methodsPatients underwent a clinical reference standard assessment involving a patient interview, medical record review, and interviews with family members and nurses to determine the presence or absence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition defined delirium. Participants also underwent the three-dimensional Confusion Assessment Method (3D-CAM), a brief, validated assessment for delirium. Individual items and pairs of items from the 3D-CAM were evaluated to determine sensitivity and specificity relative to the reference standard delirium diagnosis.
resultsOf the 201 participants (mean age 84 years, 62% female), 42 (21%) had delirium based on the clinical reference standard. The single item with the best test characteristics was "months of the year backwards" with a sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69%-93%) and specificity of 69% (95% CI: 61%-76%). The best 2-item screen was the combination of "months of the year backwards" and "what is the day of the week?" with a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI: 81%-99%) and specificity of 64% (95% CI: 56%-70%).
conclusionsWe identified a single item with >80% and pair of items with >90% sensitivity for delirium. If validated prospectively, these items will serve as an initial innovative screening step for delirium identification in hospitalized older adults.
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