ArticleJournal of traumatic stress2015
Temporal Associations Among Chronic PTSD Symptoms in U.S. Combat Veterans.
Article in Journal of traumatic stress, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A reciprocal inhibition model of alternations between under-/overemotional modulatory states in patients with PTSD.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Does exposure exacerbate symptoms in veterans with PTSD and alcohol use disorder?Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy · 2021Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Riluzole Augmentation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Efficacy of a Glutamatergic Modulator for Antidepressant-Resistant Symptoms.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Examining the utility of digital phenotyping for the prediction of intrusive experiences.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- The Impact of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Psychosis on Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Daily Life: Experience Sampling Methodology Outcomes of the STAR Trial.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2026Article
- Serving Vietnam Veterans Hospitalized Outside the VA System: A Scoping Review of Presumptive Service-Related Illnesses and Presentations.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Implications for optimizing treatment timing: day of week variation in PTSD symptom clusters.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Examining the indirect effects of life satisfaction and perceived social support on selection optimization compensation and PTSD among the senior citizens of Ekiti state: A moderated mediation approach.PLOS mental health · 2025Article
- Healthcare costs and resource utilization of patients with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: a retrospective US claims analysis of commercially insured patients.Journal of comparative effectiveness research · 2024Article
- Complementary and integrative interventions for PTSD.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2023Article
- PTSD symptom clusters and cardiovascular responses to stress: Reactivity and recovery.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2022Observational
- Parallel process modeling of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and alcohol use severity in returning veterans.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2020Article
- Severity and Symptom Trajectory in Combat-Related PTSD: a Review of the Literature.Current psychiatry reports · 2019Review
- Targeting hyperarousal: Mantram Repetition Program for PTSD in US veterans.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2019Article
- Longitudinal patterns of PTSD symptom classes among US National Guard service members during reintegration.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2018Article
- Factors associated with persistent posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. military service members and veterans.BMC psychiatry · 2018Article
- Article
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Older Adults: A Conceptual Review.Clinical gerontologistReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The present study examined fluctuation over time in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 34 combat veterans (28 with diagnosed PTSD, 6 with subclinical symptoms) assessed every 2 weeks for up to 2 years (range of assessments = 13-52). Temporal relationships were examined among four PTSD symptom clusters (reexperiencing, avoidance, emotional numbing, and hyperarousal) with particular attention to the influence of hyperarousal. Multilevel cross-lagged random coefficients autoregression for intensive time series data analyses were used to model symptom fluctuation decades after combat experiences. As anticipated, hyperarousal predicted subsequent fluctuations in the 3 other PTSD symptom clusters (reexperiencing, avoidance, emotional numbing) at subsequent 2-week intervals (rs = .45, .36, and .40, respectively). Additionally, emotional numbing influenced later reexperiencing and avoidance, and reexperiencing influenced later hyperarousal (rs = .44, .40, and .34, respectively). These findings underscore the important influence of hyperarousal. Furthermore, results indicate a bidirectional relationship between hyperarousal and reexperiencing as well as a possible chaining of symptoms (hyperarousal → emotional numbing → reexperiencing → hyperarousal) and establish potential internal, intrapersonal mechanisms for the maintenance of persistent PTSD symptoms. Results suggested that clinical interventions targeting hyperarousal and emotional numbing symptoms may hold promise for PTSD of long duration.
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Registered trials
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