ReviewMolecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.)2015
Minireview: Were the IGF Signaling Inhibitors All Bad?
Review in Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Small-molecule IGF1R inhibitors extend healthspan in a mouse model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Targeting Growth Hormone Receptor to Overcome Therapy Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Long Non-Coding RNA IGFRIL Couples with PTBP1 to Destabilize IGFBP3 mRNA to Promote the IGF1R-AKT-mTOR Axis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- AKT/mTOR as a targetable hub to overcome multimodal resistance to EGFR inhibitors in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Haploinsufficiency of miR-143 and miR-145 reveal targetable dependencies in resistant del(5q) myelodysplastic neoplasm.Leukemia · 2025Article
- Hepatocellular carcinoma: signaling pathways and therapeutic advances.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- The Impact of Pdcd4, a Translation Inhibitor, on Drug Resistance.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Targeting IGF2 to reprogram the tumor microenvironment for enhanced viro-immunotherapy.Neuro-oncology · 2024Article
- Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist Markedly Improves Gemcitabine Response in a Mouse Xenograft Model of Human Pancreatic Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Role of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor in Tobacco Smoking-Associated Lung Cancer Development.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- A viral insulin-like peptide inhibits IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation and regulates IGF1R gene expression.Molecular metabolism · 2024Article
- Insulin promotes growth in breast cancer cells through the type I IGF receptor in insulin receptor deficient cells.Experimental cell research · 2024Article
- IGF-1R targeting in cancer - does sub-cellular localization matter?Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Review
- Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor crosstalk with integrins, cadherins, and the tumor microenvironment: sticking points in understanding IGF1R function in cancer.Endocrine-related cancer · 2023Review
- Costs and Causes of Oncology Drug Attrition With the Example of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Inhibitors.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Long-Term Safety of Growth Hormone Deficiency Treatment in Cancer and Sellar Tumors Adult Survivors: Is There a Role of GH Therapy on the Neoplastic Risk?Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Meta-analysis of gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel combined with targeted agents in the treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer.World journal of clinical cases · 2022Article
- Gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic cancer cells is mediated by IGF1R dependent upregulation of CD44 expression and isoform switching.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Review
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Preclinical studies in the 1980s defined a role for IGF signaling in the development and sustainability of the malignant process. Subsequently, antibody, tyrosine kinase, and ligand inhibitors of the IGF receptor were manufactured. In the past decade, numerous clinical trials have tested the efficacy of IGF receptor inhibitors in the treatment of advanced tumors. Early-phase trials in heavily pretreated populations showed promise with complete or partial responses in a few patients and stable disease in many more. Unfortunately, the results of the early-phase trials did not pan out to later-phase trials. The lack of use of biomarkers to define subsets of patients that may benefit from IGF receptor blockade and compensatory signaling via other growth factor receptors such as the insulin, GH, and epidermal growth factor receptors may have played a role in the lack of efficacy of IGF receptor inhibition in phase III trials. Although these trials failed to show benefit, the trials have revealed previously unknown knowledge regarding the complex nature of IGF signaling. The knowledge obtained from these trials will be useful in designing future trials studying inhibitors of growth factor signaling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.