Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26366941›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infection2015

Case-ascertained study of household transmission of seasonal influenza - South Africa, 2013.

Preetha Iyengar, Claire von Mollendorf, Stefano Tempia, Alexandra Moerdyk, Ziyaad Valley-Omar, Orienka Hellferscee, Neil Martinson, Meera Chhagan, Meredith McMorrow, Manoj Gambhir and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infection, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Respiratory pathogen diversity and co-infections in rural Zambia.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2021
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Household Transmission of Influenza Virus.Trends in microbiology · 2016
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Preetha IyengarEpidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA; Global Disease Detection Branch, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA; US Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, USA. Electronic address: piyengar@gmail.com.
Claire von MollendorfCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Stefano TempiaInfluenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, PO Box 9536, Pretoria, South Africa; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Alexandra MoerdykCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Ziyaad Valley-OmarCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Orienka HellfersceeCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Neil MartinsonPerinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Meera ChhaganDepartment of Pediatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King George V Ave, Glenwood, Durban, South Africa.
Meredith McMorrowUS Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, USA; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Manoj GambhirModeling Unit, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA; Epidemiological Modelling Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Australia.
Simon CauchemezMathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris, France.
Ebrahim VariavaDepartment of Medicine, Klerksdorp Tshepong Hospital Complex and University of the Witwatersrand, Corner of OR Tambo and John Orr Street, Klerksdorp, South Africa.
Katlego MasonokePerinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johns Hopkins University Center for TB Research, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Adam L CohenUS Public Health Service, 5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD, USA; Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, PO Box 9536, Pretoria, South Africa; Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Cheryl CohenCentre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, 1 Modderfontein Rd, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa. Electronic address: cherylc@nicd.ac.za.

Funding

Sustaining Surveillance Networks and Response to Seasonal U51IP000528 · IP · NATIONAL HEALTH LABORATORY SERVICE · PI COHEN, CHERYL · 2011 to 2015
$6.1M
Models for synthesising molecular, clinical and epidemiological data, and translaU01GM110721 · NIGMS · IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICINE · PI CAUCHEMEZ, SIMON, FERGUSON, NEIL MORRIS · 2014 to 2018
$1.9M
ACL HHS U19GH000622CGH CDC HHS 5U19GH000622Intramural CDC HHS CC999999NCIRD CDC HHS 5U51IP000528NCIRD CDC HHS U51 IP000528NIGMS NIH HHS U01 GM110721
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe household is important in influenza transmission due to intensity of contact. Previous studies reported secondary attack rates (SAR) of 4-10% for laboratory-confirmed influenza in the household. Few have been conducted in middle-income countries.

methodsWe performed a case-ascertained household transmission study during May-October 2013. Index cases were patients with influenza-like-illness (cough and self-reported or measured fever (≥38 °C)) with onset in the last 3 days and no sick household contacts, at clinics in South Africa. Household contacts of index cases with laboratory-confirmed influenza were followed for 12 days.

resultsThirty index cases in 30 households and 107/110 (97%) eligible household contacts were enrolled. Assuming those not enrolled were influenza negative, 21/110 household contacts had laboratory-confirmed influenza (SAR 19%); the mean serial interval was 2.1 days (SD = 0.35, range 2-3 days). Most (62/82; 76%) household contacts who completed the risk factor questionnaire never avoided contact and 43/82 (52%) continued to share a bed with the index case after illness onset.

conclusionSAR for laboratory-confirmed influenza in South Africa was higher than previously reported SARs. Household contacts did not report changing behaviors to prevent transmission. These results can be used to understand and predict influenza transmission in similar middle-income settings.

Indexed as

Family CharacteristicsAdolescentAdultChildFamily HealthFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeInfluenza, HumanMaleRisk FactorsSeasonsSouth AfricaSurveys and QuestionnairesHousehold transmissionInfluenzaSecondary infection riskSerial intervalSouth Africa

Identifiers

PMID26366941
PMCPMC4667753

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.