ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2015
Transient Loss of Protection Afforded by a Live Attenuated Non-typhoidal Salmonella Vaccine in Mice Co-infected with Malaria.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intestinal infections establish antigen-specific, long-lived memory CD4Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Parenteral vaccination protects against mucosal Salmonella infection by inducing liver tissue resident memory CD4 T cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Fighting the enemy within: Systemic immune defense against mucosal Salmonella infection.Immunology letters · 2024Review
- Optimal generation of hepatic tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells requires IL-1 and IL-2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Neutrophils in malaria: A double-edged sword role.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Protozoan co-infections and parasite influence on the efficacy of vaccines against bacterial and viral pathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Transgenic expression of a T cell epitope in Strongyloides ratti reveals that helminth-specific CD4+ T cells constitute both Th2 and Treg populations.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Immune System Investigation Using Parasitic Helminths.Annual review of immunology · 2021Review
- Regulatory T cells control the dynamic and site-specific polarization of total CD4 T cells following Salmonella infection.Mucosal immunology · 2020Article
- Antibodies and Protection in SystemicInfection and immunity · 2020Review
- Pathogenic signature of invasive non-typhoidalHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Review
- Th1 responses in vivo require cell-specific provision of OX40L dictated by environmental cues.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Effect of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention on Immune Markers of Exhaustion and Regulation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Dissemination of non-typhoidal Salmonella during Plasmodium chabaudi infection affects anti-malarial immunity.Parasitology research · 2019Article
- Malaria, anemia, and invasive bacterial disease: A neutrophil problem?Journal of leukocyte biology · 2019Review
- Vaccination against Salmonella Infection: the Mucosal Way.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2017Review
- T cell expression of IL-18R and DR3 is essential for non-cognate stimulation of Th1 cells and optimal clearance of intracellular bacteria.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Disseminated infections with antibiotic-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella strains: contributions of host and pathogen factors.Pathogens and disease · 2016Review
- Salmonella Serogroup C: Current Status of Vaccines and Why They Are Needed.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2016Review
- Immunological bases of increased susceptibility to invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella infection in children with malaria and anaemia.Microbes and infectionReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In immunocompetent individuals, non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars (NTS) are associated with gastroenteritis, however, there is currently an epidemic of NTS bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Plasmodium falciparum malaria is an important risk factor for invasive NTS bloodstream in African children. Here we investigated whether a live, attenuated Salmonella vaccine could be protective in mice, in the setting of concurrent malaria. Surprisingly, mice acutely infected with the nonlethal malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL exhibited a profound loss of protective immunity to NTS, but vaccine-mediated protection was restored after resolution of malaria. Absence of protective immunity during acute malaria correlated with maintenance of antibodies to NTS, but a marked reduction in effector capability of Salmonella-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. Further, increased expression of the inhibitory molecule PD1 was identified on memory CD4 T cells induced by vaccination. Blockade of IL-10 restored protection against S. Typhimurium, without restoring CD4 T cell effector function. Simultaneous blockade of CTLA-4, LAG3, and PDL1 restored IFN-γ production by vaccine-induced memory CD4 T cells but was not sufficient to restore protection. Together, these data demonstrate that malaria parasite infection induces a temporary loss of an established adaptive immune response via multiple mechanisms, and suggest that in the setting of acute malaria, protection against NTS mediated by live vaccines may be interrupted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.