ArticleInternational journal of inflammation2015
Smoking Status Effect on Inflammatory Markers in a Randomized Trial of Current and Former Heavy Smokers.
Article in International journal of inflammation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood-based biomarkers of frailty in solid tumors: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- N-acetylcysteine as an adjunctive treatment for smoking cessation: a randomized clinical trial.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)Trial
- Proteome-wide genetic analyses identify ASGR1 as a potential biomarker linking smoking with ischemic heart disease.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- Cytokine and C-reactive protein concentrations over 6 months of treatment with clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Temporal Effects of Cigarette Smoke and Phytochemical-Based E-Liquid Aerosols on Tracheo-Alveolar Histopathology and the IL-6/TNF-α Molecular Signaling Axis.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Prehabilitation in Obese Patients with Ventral Hernia: A Narrative Review and Proposal of a Clinical Algorithm.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A glial oxidative signature predicts disability in primary progressive multiple sclerosis and is associated with long-term cognitive decline.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune Signatures of Smoking: Cytokine and Immunoglobulin Dysregulation and Partial Reversibility in a Population-Based Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Ashes to Rashes: An Exploration of the Intersection Between Smoking and Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Comparative Evaluation of Cigarette Smoke and a Heated Tobacco Product on Corneal Oxidative Stress in an Air/Liquid Interface Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Complex Interactions and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Changes in Concentration of Selected Biomarkers of Exposure in Users of Classic Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Heated Tobacco Products-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Metabolomic Insights into Smoking-Induced Metabolic Dysfunctions: A Comprehensive Analysis of Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolomes.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Exploring the associations of tobacco smoking and serum cotinine levels with selected inflammatory markers in adults with HIV in South Africa.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Trends in cigarette smoking and the risk of incident cardiovascular disease among Asian American, Pacific Islander, and multiracial populations.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2024Article
- L-PRF Secretome from Both Smokers/Nonsmokers Stimulates Angiogenesis and Osteoblast Differentiation In Vitro.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- The Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Systemic Sclerosis, Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Review
- Low-grade inflammation and serotonin 4 receptor binding in the healthy and the depressed brain.Neuroscience applied · 2024Article
- Serum Interleukin-6 in Schizophrenia: Associations with Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics.Consortium psychiatricum · 2023Article
- Assessing the Protective Role of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) against Water-Pipe Smoke-Induced Toxicity: A Comparative Study on Gene Expression and Histopathology.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background. The level of systemic inflammation as measured by circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is linked to an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer. Methods. We recruited 154 current and former smokers between 40 and 80 years of age with 25 or more pack-years of smoking history to study the relationship between inflammatory markers (CRP and IL-6) and smoking status. Results. Our results show that male smokers had significantly higher levels of serum IL-6 compared to male former smokers. We did not find any gender specific differences for smoking and CRP levels but the IL-6 levels were slightly lower in females compared to males. Additionally, our results show that CRP is significantly associated with IL-6 regardless of smoking status. Modelling indicates that the significant predictors of CRP levels were biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome while the significant predictors of IL-6 levels were age and plasma triglycerides among former smokers and the numbers of smoked packs of cigarettes per year among smokers. Conclusions. In conclusion, our study showed that CRP levels were not associated with markers of smoking intensity. However, IL-6 levels were significantly associated with smoking especially among current smokers.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.