ArticleMedia psychology2015
Reinforcing Spirals Model: Conceptualizing the Relationship Between Media Content Exposure and the Development and Maintenance of Attitudes.
Article in Media psychology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 298 citations in OpenAlex.
- Longitudinal associations between digital media use and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents: a systematic literature review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Behind the Screens: A Systematic Literature Review of Quantitative Research on Mobile Dating.Archives of sexual behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Toward an Integrated Model of Supportive Peer Relationships in Early Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Pooled it
- Bidirectional Longitudinal Associations Between Problematic Social Media Use and Emotional Symptoms in Adolescents: Results From a Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model.Journal of adolescence · 2026Article
- Sampling and processing of climate change information and disinformation across three diverse countries.British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953) · 2026Article
- Romeo swipes Juliet left!? Problematic online dating app use and problematic pornography consumption are associated with a weaker sense of existential meaning in romantic love.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Problematic Pornography Use and Psychological Distress in the USA: A Nationally Representative Study.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Consensus or conflict? Recommender systems as recursive exposure systems in the production of polarization.Frontiers in sociology · 2026Review
- The effect of caffeine use in the relationship between gaming and sleep in adolescents: A mediation analysis.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Article
- Re-assessing the Dynamics of News Use and Trust: A Multi-Outlet Perspective.Communication research · 2025Article
- Online social activity time predicts ADHD problems in youth from late childhood to early adolescence in the ABCD study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Understanding Complexities in Collaborative Management of Knowledge on Advance Care Planning for Multi-morbid Patients Within Personalized Integrated Care.Journal of healthcare informatics research · 2025Article
- Pornography Use, Moral Incongruence, Psychological Distress, and Sexual Satisfaction.Archives of sexual behavior · 2025Article
- Gaming disorder and problematic caffeine consumption in adolescents: a narrative review and public health framework.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- The Relationship Between Alcohol-Related Content on Social Media and Alcohol Outcomes in Young Adults: A Scoping Review.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2025Article
- Pornography Use and Coitus Interruptus: Is There a Link?Journal of health communication · 2025Article
- Pornography, identification, alcohol, and condomless sex.The Journal of communication · 2024Article
- First Comes Substance Use, Then Comes Social Media Posts? Examining the Temporal Ordering and Relative Strength of Relations Across Alcohol, Tobacco and Marijuana Use and Posting Behavior.Health communication · 2024Article
- Strategic attitude expressions as identity performance and identity creation in interaction.Communications psychology · 2024Article
- Associations between valenced news and affect in daily life: Experimental and ecological momentary assessment approaches.Media psychology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The Reinforcing Spirals Model (RSM, Citation Withheld) has two primary purposes. First, the RSM provides a general framework for conceptualizing media use as part of a dynamic, endogenous process combining selective exposure and media effects that may be drawn on by theorists concerned with a variety of social processes and effects. Second, the RSM utilizes a systems-theory perspective to describe how patterns of mediated and interpersonal communication contribute to the development and maintenance of social identities and ideology as well as more transient attitudes and related behaviors, and how those outcomes may influence subsequent media use. The RSM suggests contingencies that may lead to homeostasis or encourage certain individuals or groups to extreme polarization of such attitudes. In addition, the RSM proposes social cognitive mechanisms that may be responsible for attitude maintenance and reinforcement. This article discusses empirical progress in testing the model, addresses misconceptions that have arisen, and provides elaborated illustrations of the model. The article also identifies potentially fruitful directions for further conceptual development and empirical testing of the RSM.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.