Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26366063›Full record

ReviewClinical interventions in aging2015

The role of citicoline in cognitive impairment: pharmacological characteristics, possible advantages, and doubts for an old drug with new perspectives.

Pietro Gareri, Alberto Castagna, Antonino Maria Cotroneo, Salvatore Putignano, Giovambattista De Sarro, Amalia Cecilia Bruni

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Clinical interventions in aging, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Role of Vitamin B in Healthy Ageing and Disease.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2024
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Observational
  18. Choline supplements: An update.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Pietro GareriCentro Regionale di Neurogenetica, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy.
Alberto CastagnaCentro Regionale di Neurogenetica, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy.
Antonino Maria CotroneoASL2 Turin, Turin, Italy.
Salvatore PutignanoElderly Assistance Unit, Naples, Italy.
Giovambattista De SarroDepartment of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
Amalia Cecilia BruniCentro Regionale di Neurogenetica, ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Catanzaro, Italy.
Magna Graecia University · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCiticoline is able to potentiate neuroplasticity and is a natural precursor of phospholipid synthesis, or rather serves as a choline source in the metabolic pathways for biosynthesis of acetylcholine. Several studies have shown that it can have beneficial effects both in degenerative and in vascular cognitive decline. The aim of the present study was to review the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this drug and its role in cognitive impairment according to the present medical literature.

methodsA MEDLINE(®) search was made using the following key words: citicoline, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, elderly, cognitive impairment, vascular dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies on the possible role of citicoline in increasing sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression were assessed. Some personal studies were also considered, such as the VITA study and the IDEALE study.

resultsAdministered by both oral and intravenous routes, citicoline is converted into two major circulating metabolites, cytidine and choline. It is metabolized in the gut wall and liver. Pharmacokinetic studies suggested that it is well absorbed and highly bioavailable with oral dosing. A number of studies have clearly shown the possible role of citicoline in cognitive impairment of diverse etiology. It can also modulate the activity/expression of some protein kinases involved in neuronal death and increases SIRT1 expression in the central nervous system. The VITA study and the IDEALE study suggested that both parenteral and oral citicoline are effective and safe. Other studies have clearly demonstrated citicoline's effects on several cognitive domains. Conversely, some studies did not point out any evidence of efficacy of this drug.

conclusionCiticoline appears to be a promising agent to improve cognitive impairment, especially of vascular origin. In fact, so far it appears as a drug with the ability to promote "safe" neuroprotection, capable of enhancing endogenous protective. Large clinical trials are needed to confirm its benefits.

Indexed as

Cognition DisordersCytidine Diphosphate CholineHumansNootropic AgentsCytidine Diphosphate CholineNootropic Agentsciticolinecognitive impairmentelderlyneurodegenerationneuroprotective effectssirtuins

Identifiers

PMID26366063
PMCPMC4562749
OpenAlexW2155284783

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.