ArticleNature communications2015
Oxidation of the alarmin IL-33 regulates ST2-dependent inflammation.
Article in Nature communications, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 164 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 262 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of the IL-33/ST2 axis in cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- Population pharmacokinetic/target engagement modelling of tozorakimab in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Trial
- Diagnostic and Prognostic Plasma Biomarkers for Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.Biology of blood and marrow transplantation : journal of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation · 2018Trial
- Interleukin-33 and its receptor: multifaceted roles and emerging therapeutic potential.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- COPD Biologics: Right Patient, Right Pathway, Right Time.Pulmonary therapy · 2026Review
- SHARPIN restrains IL-33 release by stromal cells to control ILC2 inflammation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Rewiring Atopic Dermatitis: Alarmin Cytokines at the Core of Barrier-Immune-Neuro-Microbiome Networks.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Advances in targeting IL-1 family cytokines for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Structural and molecular principles of DAMP biology.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Review
- Reactive oxygen species in thoracic aortic dissection: Insights into mechanisms and disease progression.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Mast cells and endothelial cells mediate interleukin-33 and ST2 responses in distal chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lungs.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- HMGB1-mediated formation of IL-33-abundant NETs drives lung-to-kidney injury in severe pneumonia-associated acute kidney injury.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current pipeline and new opportunities.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- IL-33 blockade in asthma: a story of hype, hope and hindsight.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- FRONTIER-3: a randomised phase 2a study to investigate tozorakimab, an anti-interleukin-33 monoclonal antibody, in early-onset asthma.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Critical role of interleukin-33 in pathogenesis and progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Autocrine activity of engineered IL-33 mRNA enhances adoptive T-cell therapy for peritoneal carcinomatosis and synergizes with IL-12 mRNA.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Safety Profile of Tozorakimab (an Anti-IL-33 Monoclonal Antibody): Data from the FRONTIER Phase 2 Program.Biologics : targets & therapy · 2026Article
- IL-33 promotes efferocytosis by peritoneal macrophages by a mechanism associated with rapid granulocyte IL-13 production.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- IL-33 Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating the NF-κB/BCL-2 Pathway.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
31 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In response to infections and irritants, the respiratory epithelium releases the alarmin interleukin (IL)-33 to elicit a rapid immune response. However, little is known about the regulation of IL-33 following its release. Here we report that the biological activity of IL-33 at its receptor ST2 is rapidly terminated in the extracellular environment by the formation of two disulphide bridges, resulting in an extensive conformational change that disrupts the ST2 binding site. Both reduced (active) and disulphide bonded (inactive) forms of IL-33 can be detected in lung lavage samples from mice challenged with Alternaria extract and in sputum from patients with moderate-severe asthma. We propose that this mechanism for the rapid inactivation of secreted IL-33 constitutes a 'molecular clock' that limits the range and duration of ST2-dependent immunological responses to airway stimuli. Other IL-1 family members are also susceptible to cysteine oxidation changes that could regulate their activity and systemic exposure through a similar mechanism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.