Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26362575›Full record

SynthesisBehavior genetics2016

Meta-analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies for Extraversion: Findings from the Genetics of Personality Consortium.

Stéphanie M van den Berg, Marleen H M de Moor, Karin J H Verweij, Robert F Krueger, Michelle Luciano, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, Lindsay K Matteson, Jaime Derringer, Tõnu Esko, Najaf Amin and 112 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Behavior genetics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
74citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
13.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

74 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Genetics of OCD and Related Disorders; Searching for Shared Factors.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021
    Pooled it
  4. Genome-wide association study of shared liability to anxiety disorders in Army STARRS.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2020
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Genetic risk variants for social anxiety.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2017
    Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Trial
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Personality Genomics.Annual review of psychology · 2026
    Review
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  14. Article
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14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

122 authors at 20 institutions in 12 countries.

Stéphanie M van den BergDepartment of Research Methodology, Measurement and Data-Analysis (OMD), Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands. stephanie.vandenberg@utwente.nl.
Marleen H M de MoorDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Karin J H VerweijQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Robert F KruegerDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Michelle LucianoDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Alejandro Arias VasquezDonders Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Lindsay K MattesonDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Jaime DerringerDepartment of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
Tõnu EskoEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Najaf AminDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Scott D GordonQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Narelle K HansellQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Amy B HartDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ilkka SeppäläDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
Jennifer E HuffmanMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Bettina KonteDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany.
Jari LahtiInstitute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Minyoung LeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Mike MillerDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Teresa NutileInstitute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy.
Toshiko TanakaNational Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Alexander TeumerInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Alexander ViktorinDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Juho WedenojaDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Abdel AbdellaouiDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Goncalo R AbecasisDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Daniel E AdkinsPharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Arpana AgrawalDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Jüri AllikDepartment of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Katja AppelDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Timothy B BigdeliDepartment of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Fabio BusoneroIstituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy.
Harry CampbellUsher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Paul T CostaBehavioral Medicine Research Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
George Davey SmithMedical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Gail DaviesDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Harriet de WitDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
Jun DingLaboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Barbara E EngelhardtDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Johan G ErikssonFolkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
Iryna O FedkoDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Luigi FerrucciNational Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Barbara FrankeDonders Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Ina GieglingDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany.
Richard GruczaDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Annette M HartmannDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany.
Andrew C HeathDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Kati HeinonenInstitute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Anjali K HendersQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Georg HomuthInterfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Jouke-Jan HottengaDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
William G IaconoDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Joost JanzingDepartment of Psychiatry, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Markus JokelaInstitute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Robert KarlssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
John P KempMedical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Matthew G KirkpatrickDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
Antti LatvalaDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Terho LehtimäkiDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
David C LiewaldDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Pamela A F MaddenDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Chiara MagriDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Patrik K E MagnussonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jonathan MartenMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Andrea MaschioIstituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy.
Hamdi MbarekDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sarah E MedlandQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Evelin MihailovEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Yuri MilaneschiDepartment of Psychiatry, EMGO+ Institute, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Grant W MontgomeryQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Matthias NauckInstitute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Michel G NivardDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Klaasjan G OuwensDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Aarno PalotieWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Erik PetterssonDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ozren PolasekDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
Yong QianLaboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Laura Pulkki-RåbackInstitute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Olli T RaitakariDepartment of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Anu RealoDepartment of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Richard J RoseDepartment of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Daniela RuggieroInstitute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy.
Carsten O SchmidtInstitute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Wendy S SlutskeDepartment of Psychological Sciences and Missouri Alcoholism Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Rossella SoriceInstitute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy.
John M StarrCentre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Beate St PourcainMedical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Angelina R SutinNational Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nicholas J TimpsonMedical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Holly TrochetMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Sita VermeulenDepartment of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Eero VuoksimaaDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Elisabeth WidenInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Jasper WoudaDepartment of Research Methodology, Measurement and Data-Analysis (OMD), Faculty of Behavioural, Management, and Social Sciences, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
Margaret J WrightQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Lina ZgagaUsher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Generation Scotland
David PorteousMedical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Alessandra MinelliDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
Abraham A PalmerDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Dan RujescuDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Halle, Halle, Germany.
Marina CiulloInstitute of Genetics and Biophysics "A. Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy.
Caroline HaywardMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Igor RudanUsher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Andres MetspaluEstonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Jaakko KaprioDepartment of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Ian J DearyDepartment of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Katri RäikkönenInstitute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
James F WilsonMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC IGMM, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Liisa Keltikangas-JärvinenInstitute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Laura J BierutDepartment of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
John M HettemaDepartment of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Hans J GrabeDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
Brenda W J H PenninxDepartment of Psychiatry, EMGO+ Institute, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Cornelia M van DuijnDepartment of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
David M EvansMedical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
David SchlessingerLaboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Nancy L PedersenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Antonio TerraccianoFolkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
Matt McGueDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Nicholas G MartinQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
Dorret I BoomsmaDepartment of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
University of Helsinki · FIQIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute · AUUniversity of Minnesota · USWestern General Hospital · GBNational Institutes of Health · USUniversitätsmedizin Greifswald · DEVirginia Commonwealth University · USWashington University in St. Louis · USRadboud University Nijmegen · NLUniversity of Chicago · USErasmus MC · NLEstonian Academy of Sciences · EEKarolinska Institutet · SEVrije Universiteit Amsterdam · NLDuke University · USFlorida State University · USIndiana University Bloomington · USInstitute of Genetic and Biomedical Research · ITInstitute of Genetics and Biophysics · ITNational Institute on Aging · US

Funding

Subject CollectionU10AA008401 · NIAAA · SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER · PI Yunlong Liu · 1989 to 2026
$162.7M
JH/CIDR Genotyping for Genome-Wide Association StudiesU01HG004438 · NHGRI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI VALLE, DAVID · 2007 to 2011
$24.2M
The Collaborative Genetic Study of Nicotine DependenceP01CA089392 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BIERUT, LAURA J. · 2001 to 2012
$17.3M
PILOT--GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO CONSUMPTION IN CHINESE SAMPLEP50AA011998 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI SHER, KENNETH JAMES · 1999 to 2008
$12.6M
Statistical genetics of aging-related genomic and phenotypic changeZIAAG000693 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI DING, JUN · 2011 to 2025
$12.5M
Substance Abuse & Behavioral Disinhibition: Integrating Genes & EnvironmentU01DA024417 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI IACONO, WILLIAM G. · 2007 to 2010
$10.8M
Determinants of Drug Preference in Humans--Administrative SupplementR01DA002812 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI DE WIT, HARRIET · 1985 to 2024
$10.6M
THE GENETICS OF VULNERABILITY TO NICOTINE ADDICTIONSR01DA012854 · NIDA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MADDEN, PAMELA ANN · 2000 to 2013
$10.4M
TWIN STUDY OF FEMALE ALCOHOLISMS AND OTHER DISORDERSR01AA009367 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI MCGUE, MATTHEW K. · 1992 to 2013
$9.0M
Resource CoreP60AA011998 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI MADDEN, PAMELA ANN · 2009 to 2013
$8.8M
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIAR01MH059571 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI GEJMAN, PABLO V. · 1999 to 2007
$8.0M
The development of alcohol misuse and related problems from adolescence to early midlifeR01AA015416 · NIAAA · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DICK, DANIELLE M, SALVATORE, JESSICA E · 2005 to 2024
$7.6M
Arthritis Research UKBiotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/F019394/1Chief Scientist Office CZB/4/505Chief Scientist Office CZD/16/6Chief Scientist Office CZD/16/6/4Chief Scientist Office ETM/55Medical Research Council 74882Medical Research Council MC_PC_15018Medical Research Council MC_PC_U127561128Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/3Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/4Medical Research Council MR/K026992/1NCI NIH HHS P01 CA089392NHGRI NIH HHS HG004422NHGRI NIH HHS HG006265NHGRI NIH HHS HHSN268200782096CNHGRI NIH HHS K99 HG006265NHGRI NIH HHS R00 HG006265NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004422NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004438NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004438NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004446NIAAA NIH HHS AA07580NIAAA NIH HHS AA07728NIAAA NIH HHS AA11998NIAAA NIH HHS AA13320NIAAA NIH HHS AA13321NIAAA NIH HHS AA15416NIAAA NIH HHS K02 AA018755NIAAA NIH HHS K02AA018755NIAAA NIH HHS K05 AA000145NIAAA NIH HHS P50 AA011998NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA007728NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA009203NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA009367NIAAA NIH HHS R01AA009367NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA011886NIAAA NIH HHS R01AA011886NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA012502NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA013320NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA013321NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA015416NIAAA NIH HHS R37 AA007728NIAAA NIH HHS R37 AA012502NIAAA NIH HHS T32 AA007580NIAAA NIH HHS U10 AA008401NIAAA NIH HHS U10AA008401NIA NIH HHS N01-AG-1-2109NIDA NIH HHS DA007255NIDA NIH HHS DA019951NIDA NIH HHS DA021336NIDA NIH HHS DA024845NIDA NIH HHS DA02812NIDA NIH HHS DA12854NIDA NIH HHS K08 DA019951NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA002812NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA012854NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA013240NIDA NIH HHS R01DA013240NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA021336NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA024417NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA024845NIDA NIH HHS R37 DA005147NIDA NIH HHS R56 DA012854NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA007255NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA024417NIDA NIH HHS U01DA024417NIDDK NIH HHS DK U01-066134NIMH NIH HHS MH081802NIMH NIH HHS MH46276NIMH NIH HHS MH46289NIMH NIH HHS MH46318NIMH NIH HHS MH59565NIMH NIH HHS MH59566NIMH NIH HHS MH59571NIMH NIH HHS MH59586NIMH NIH HHS MH59587NIMH NIH HHS MH59588NIMH NIH HHS MH60870NIMH NIH HHS MH60879NIMH NIH HHS MH61675NIMH NIH HHS MH66206NIMH NIH HHS MH67257NIMH NIH HHS MH79469NIMH NIH HHS MH79470NIMH NIH HHS NIH T32 MH016880NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059565NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059566NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059571NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059586NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059587NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH059588NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH060870NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH060879NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH061675NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH066140NIMH NIH HHS R01MH066140NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH066206NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH067257NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH081802NIMH NIH HHS RC2 MH089951NIMH NIH HHS RC2MH089951NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH016880NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH046276NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH046289NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH046318NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH079469NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH079470PHS HHS HHSN271200477451CWellcome Trust 076467Wellcome Trust 102215Wellcome Trust 104036/Z/14/Z.Wellcome Trust 202802/Z/16/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Extraversion is a relatively stable and heritable personality trait associated with numerous psychosocial, lifestyle and health outcomes. Despite its substantial heritability, no genetic variants have been detected in previous genome-wide association (GWA) studies, which may be due to relatively small sample sizes of those studies. Here, we report on a large meta-analysis of GWA studies for extraversion in 63,030 subjects in 29 cohorts. Extraversion item data from multiple personality inventories were harmonized across inventories and cohorts. No genome-wide significant associations were found at the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level but there was one significant hit at the gene level for a long non-coding RNA site (LOC101928162). Genome-wide complex trait analysis in two large cohorts showed that the additive variance explained by common SNPs was not significantly different from zero, but polygenic risk scores, weighted using linkage information, significantly predicted extraversion scores in an independent cohort. These results show that extraversion is a highly polygenic personality trait, with an architecture possibly different from other complex human traits, including other personality traits. Future studies are required to further determine which genetic variants, by what modes of gene action, constitute the heritable nature of extraversion.

Indexed as

Extraversion, PsychologicalGenome-Wide Association StudyCohort StudiesHumansMultifactorial InheritancePersonalityPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRisk FactorsCommon genetic variantsImputationPersonalityPhenotype harmonizationPolygenic risk

Identifiers

PMID26362575
PMCPMC4751159
OpenAlexW1949064740

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.