ArticlePloS one2015
Range and Frequency of Africanized Honey Bees in California (USA).
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health management strategies of resilient honey bee stock throughout Southern California.Journal of economic entomology · 2026Article
- Accurate Detection ofEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- The Varroa paradox: infestation levels and hygienic behavior in feral scutellata-hybrid and managed Apis mellifera ligustica honey bees.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Seasonal variation in defense behavior in European and scutellata-hybrid honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Southern California.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Admixture in Africanized honey bees (Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Peruvian Honey Bee (Insects · 2021Article
- Attack of the dark clones the genetics of reproductive and color traits of South African honey bees (Apis mellifera spp.).PloS one · 2021Article
- Selection and hybridization shaped the rapid spread of African honey bee ancestry in the Americas.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- Non-native honey bees disproportionately dominate the most abundant floral resources in a biodiversity hotspot.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Population genomics and morphometric assignment of western honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in the Republic of South Africa.BMC genomics · 2018Article
- Genome Sequencing of Museum Specimens Reveals Rapid Changes in the Genetic Composition of Honey Bees in California.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Article
- The worldwide importance of honey bees as pollinators in natural habitats.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2018Article
- Africanized bees extend their distribution in California.PloS one · 2018Article
- The effect of removing numerically dominant, non-native honey bees on seed set of a native plant.Oecologia · 2018Article
- DNA barcoding in diverse educational settings: five case studies.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Africanized honey bees entered California in 1994 but few accounts of their northward expansion or their frequency relative to European honey bees have been published. We used mitochondrial markers and morphometric analyses to determine the prevalence of Africanized honeybees in San Diego County and their current northward progress in California west of the Sierra Nevada crest. The northernmost African mitotypes detected were approximately 40 km south of Sacramento in California's central valley. In San Diego County, 65% of foraging honey bee workers carry African mitochondria and the estimated percentage of Africanized workers using morphological measurements is similar (61%). There was no correlation between mitotype and morphology in San Diego County suggesting Africanized bees result from bidirectional hybridization. Seventy percent of feral hives, but only 13% of managed hives, sampled in San Diego County carried the African mitotype indicating that a large fraction of foraging workers in both urban and rural San Diego County are feral. We also found a single nucleotide polymorphism at the DNA barcode locus COI that distinguishes European and African mitotypes. The utility of this marker was confirmed using 401 georeferenced honey bee sequences from the worldwide Barcode of Life Database. Future censuses can determine whether the current range of the Africanized form is stable, patterns of introgression at nuclear loci, and the environmental factors that may limit the northern range of the Africanized honey bee.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.