SynthesisAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2015
2015 Gout classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative.
Synthesis in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 400 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
400 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 880 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of bariatric surgery on hyperuricemia and gout: a systematic review of the literature.Updates in surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Crystal-induced arthritis in prosthetic joints: a systematic review of clinical features, diagnosis, management, and outcomes.BMC rheumatology · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis and systematic review of gout prevalence in the heart/lung transplantation population.Frontiers in transplantation · 2024Pooled it
- Rapid and regular dose escalation in urate lowering therapy: a pragmatic clinical trial.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Trial
- Impact of adding urine alkalization therapy to xanthine oxidase inhibitor in gout management: a prospective cohort study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Trial
- Efficacy and safety of epaminurad, a potent hURAT1 inhibitor, in patients with gout: a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Trial
- Baseline Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Urate Volume Predicts Fulfillment of Gout Remission After Two Years of Urate-Lowering Therapy.Arthritis care & research · 2024Trial
- Effective xanthine oxidase inhibitor urate lowering therapy in gout is linked to an emergent serum protein interactome of complement and inflammation modulators.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Urate-lowering agents do not have clinically relevant negative effects on sperm quality and reproductive hormones in men with gout: a prospective open-label cohort study.Rheumatology international · 2024Trial
- Superiority of Low-Dose Benzbromarone Add-On to Low-Dose Febuxostat Compared With Febuxostat Monotherapy in Gout With Combined-Type Hyperuricemia.Arthritis care & research · 2024Trial
- The Impact of mHealth-Based Continuous Care on Disease Knowledge, Treatment Compliance, and Serum Uric Acid Levels in Chinese Patients With Gout: Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Trial
- Determinants of Achieving Serum Urate Goal with Treat-to-Target Urate-Lowering Therapy in Gout.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and safety of orlistat in male patients with overweight/obesity and hyperuricemia: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of Qingpeng ointment (a Tibetan medicine) for acute gouty arthritis: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and safety of tart cherry supplementary citrate mixture on gout patients: a prospective, randomized, controlled study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Trial
- Optical spectral transmission to assess glucocorticoid therapy response in patients with arthritis: a longitudinal follow-up comparison with joint ultrasound.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Trial
- Gout: a practical approach to diagnosis and management in low- and middle-income countries and resource-limited settings.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- How ultrasound changed the practice of rheumatology: echoes of a 30-year collaboration.Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026Article
- DECTGoutSys: Reducing False Positive Gout Diagnoses via a Machine Vision Pipeline for Crystal Tophi Identification+Classification in Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT).Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- Disseminated Chronic Tophaceous Gout With Multi-Tissue Involvement.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
340 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrection.2016
Authors and funding
22 authors at 16 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveExisting criteria for the classification of gout have suboptimal sensitivity and/or specificity, and were developed at a time when advanced imaging was not available. The current effort was undertaken to develop new classification criteria for gout.
methodsAn international group of investigators, supported by the American College of Rheumatology and the European League Against Rheumatism, conducted a systematic review of the literature on advanced imaging of gout, a diagnostic study in which the presence of monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystals in synovial fluid or tophus was the gold standard, a ranking exercise of paper patient cases, and a multi-criterion decision analysis exercise. These data formed the basis for developing the classification criteria, which were tested in an independent data set.
resultsThe entry criterion for the new classification criteria requires the occurrence of at least one episode of peripheral joint or bursal swelling, pain, or tenderness. The presence of MSU crystals in a symptomatic joint/bursa (ie, synovial fluid) or in a tophus is a sufficient criterion for classification of the subject as having gout, and does not require further scoring. The domains of the new classification criteria include clinical (pattern of joint/bursa involvement, characteristics and time course of symptomatic episodes), laboratory (serum urate, MSU-negative synovial fluid aspirate), and imaging (double-contour sign on ultrasound or urate on dual-energy CT, radiographic gout-related erosion). The sensitivity and specificity of the criteria are high (92% and 89%, respectively).
conclusionsThe new classification criteria, developed using a data-driven and decision-analytic approach, have excellent performance characteristics and incorporate current state-of-the-art evidence regarding gout.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.