Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26358401›Full record

ArticlePsycho-oncology2016

Emotional responses to the experience of cancer 'alarm' symptoms.

K L Whitaker, S Cromme, K Winstanley, C Renzi, J Wardle

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Psycho-oncology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Patients' Reaction to Diagnosis with Thyroid Cancer or an Indeterminate Thyroid Nodule.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2021
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Worrying about wasting GP time as a barrier to help-seeking: a community-based, qualitative study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2016
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Unintended consequences of an 'all-clear' diagnosis for potential cancer symptoms: a nested qualitative interview study with primary care patients.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2016
    Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

K L WhitakerSchool of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, UK.
S CrommeHealth Behaviour Research Centre, Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
K WinstanleyHealth Behaviour Research Centre, Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
C RenziHealth Behaviour Research Centre, Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
J WardleHealth Behaviour Research Centre, Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.

Funding

Cancer Research UK 13276Cancer Research UK 18667Cancer Research UK C33872/A13216
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo qualitatively explore associations between emotional responses to experience of cancer 'alarm' symptoms and help-seeking in a community sample of adults.

methodInterviewees (n = 62) were recruited from a community sample (n = 2042) of adults aged ≥50 years, who had completed a health survey that included a list of cancer alarm symptoms. Participants who had reported an alarm symptom both at baseline and 3-month follow-up (n = 271), and who had consented to contact (n = 215), constituted the pool for invitations to interview.

resultsOver a third of participants (37%) described an emotional response to their symptom experience. In all these cases, there was evidence of awareness of the risk of cancer. Emotional responses were usually either classified as mild ('worry') or severe ('fear'). Worry was often described in the context of a desire to seek medical help, either to rule out cancer or to minimise patient delay. In contrast, the 'fear' group described associations with death, the perceived incurability of cancer, and the consequence of a cancer diagnosis. Where the emotional reaction was fear, medical contact was seen as something to be avoided either because it had no value or because it was preferable not to be told a diagnosis.

conclusionIn this community sample, worry about the possibility of cancer was associated with help-seeking, either for reassurance or as part of a 'sensible' strategy to deal with the risk. In contrast, fear was associated with avoiding help-seeking or even thinking about cancer, which could lead to prolonged help-seeking intervals.

Indexed as

AnxietyFearHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHelp-Seeking BehaviorAdultAwarenessFemaleHealth SurveysHumansInterviews as TopicMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsPatient Acceptance of Health CareQualitative ResearchSymptom Assessment

Identifiers

PMID26358401
PMCPMC4832579

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.