Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26358358›Full record

SynthesisJournal of the American Heart Association2015

Effect of Fructose on Established Lipid Targets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials.

Laura Chiavaroli, Russell J de Souza, Vanessa Ha, Adrian I Cozma, Arash Mirrahimi, David D Wang, Matthew Yu, Amanda J Carleton, Marco Di Buono, Alexandra L Jenkins and 6 more

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 53 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
10.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01363791 unknown statusnot on this map

Effect of Fructose on Metabolic Control in Humans: A Series of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses to Provide Evidence-based Guidance for Nutrition Guidelines Development

TypeobservationalSponsorJohn SievenpiperRan2009 to 2016Enrolled1ConditionsDyslipidemia, Diabetes, Prediabetes, DysglycemiaArmsDietary fructose
NCT02716870 unknown statusnot on this map

Effect of Important Food Sources of Fructose-containing Sugars on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Series of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses of Controlled Trials to Inform Dietary Guidelines, Public Health Policy, and Future Trial Design

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of TorontoRan2015 to 2020Enrolled1ConditionsDyslipidemia, Diabetes, Prediabetes, DysglycemiaArmsFructose-containing Sugars
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. Relation of total sugars, fructose and sucrose with incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2017
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Laura ChiavaroliToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., A.I.C., D.D.W., M.D.B., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.).
Russell J de SouzaToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (R.J.S., V.H., J.B.).
Vanessa HaToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (R.J.S., V.H., J.B.).
Adrian I CozmaToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., A.I.C., D.D.W., M.D.B., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.).
Arash MirrahimiToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada (A.M.).
David D WangDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., A.I.C., D.D.W., M.D.B., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.).
Matthew YuToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (M.Y.).
Amanda J CarletonDepartment of Undergraduate Medical Education (MD Program), Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (A.J.C.).
Marco Di BuonoDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., A.I.C., D.D.W., M.D.B., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada (M.D.B.) American Heart Association, Dallas, TX (M.D.B.).
Alexandra L JenkinsToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.).
Lawrence A LeiterToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Division of Endocrinology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.A.L., T.S.W., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.A.L., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., A.I.C., D.D.W., M.D.B., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.A.L., T.S.W., D.A.J.).
Thomas M S WoleverToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Division of Endocrinology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.A.L., T.S.W., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., A.I.C., D.D.W., M.D.B., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.A.L., T.S.W., D.A.J.).
Joseph BeyeneDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (R.J.S., V.H., J.B.).
Cyril W C KendallToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., A.I.C., D.D.W., M.D.B., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada (C.C.K.).
David J A JenkinsToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Division of Endocrinology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.A.L., T.S.W., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.A.L., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., A.I.C., D.D.W., M.D.B., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.A.L., T.S.W., D.A.J.).
John L SievenpiperToronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., R.J.S., V.H., A.I.C., A.M., M.Y., A.L.J., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Division of Endocrinology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.A.L., T.S.W., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (L.A.L., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada (L.C., A.I.C., D.D.W., M.D.B., L.A.L., T.S.W., C.C.K., D.A.J., J.L.S.) Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada (J.L.S.).
St. Michael's Hospital · CAUniversity of Toronto · CAMcMaster University · CAQueen's University · CA

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research 102078
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDebate over the role of fructose in mediating cardiovascular risk remains active. To update the evidence on the effect of fructose on established therapeutic lipid targets for cardiovascular disease (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL]-C, apolipoprotein B, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]), and metabolic syndrome (triglycerides and HDL-C), we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials. METHODS AND

resultsMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINHAL, and the Cochrane Library were searched through July 7, 2015 for controlled feeding trials with follow-up ≥7 days, which investigated the effect of oral fructose compared to a control carbohydrate on lipids (LDL-C, apolipoprotein B, non-HDL-C, triglycerides, and HDL-C) in participants of all health backgrounds. Two independent reviewers extracted relevant data. Data were pooled using random effects models and expressed as mean difference with 95% CI. Interstudy heterogeneity was assessed (Cochran Q statistic) and quantified (I(2) statistic). Eligibility criteria were met by 51 isocaloric trials (n=943), in which fructose was provided in isocaloric exchange for other carbohydrates, and 8 hypercaloric trials (n=125), in which fructose supplemented control diets with excess calories compared to the control diets alone without the excess calories. Fructose had no effect on LDL-C, non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, or HDL-C in isocaloric trials. However, in hypercaloric trials, fructose increased apolipoprotein B (n=2 trials; mean difference = 0.18 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.30; P=0.005) and triglycerides (n=8 trials; mean difference = 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.41; P<0.001). The study is limited by small sample sizes, limited follow-up, and low quality scores of the included trials.

conclusionsPooled analyses showed that fructose only had an adverse effect on established lipid targets when added to existing diets so as to provide excess calories (+21% to 35% energy). When isocalorically exchanged for other carbohydrates, fructose had no adverse effects on blood lipids. More trials that are larger, longer, and higher quality are required. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique Identifier: NCT01363791.

Indexed as

Apolipoprotein B-100BiomarkersCardiovascular DiseasesChi-Square DistributionCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLControlled Clinical Trials as TopicDietary CarbohydratesDyslipidemiasEnergy IntakeFructoseHumansLipidsMetabolic SyndromeRisk FactorsTime FactorsAPOB protein, humanApolipoprotein B-100BiomarkersCholesterol, HDLCholesterol, LDLDietary CarbohydratesFructoseLipidsTriglycerideslipidsmeta‐analysisnutrition

Identifiers

PMID26358358
PMCPMC4599489
OpenAlexW1939763155

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.